184 plikt's natueal history. [Book III. 



The circuit of the whole, from the Yarus to the Arsia, is 3059 

 miles ^ 



As to its distance from the countries that surround it — 

 Istria and Liburnia are, in some places', 100 miles from it, 

 and E})irus and lUyricum 50 ; Africa is less than 200, as we 

 are informed by M. Varro ; Sardinia^ is 120, Sicily IJ, Corsica 

 less than 80, and Issa"* 50. It extends into the two seas 

 towards the southern parts of the heavens, or, to speak with 

 more minute exactness, between the sixth^ hour and the first 

 hour of the winter solstice. 



"We will now describe its extent and its different cities ; 

 in doing which, it is necessary to premise, that we shall fol- 

 low the arrangement of the late Emperor Augustus, and 

 adopt the division which he made of the whole of Italy into 

 eleven districts ; taking them, however, according to their 

 order on the sea-line, as in so hurried a detail it would not be 

 possible otherwise to describe each city in juxtaposition with 

 the others in its vicinity. And for the same reason, in de- 

 scribing the interior, I shall follow the alphabetical order 

 which has been adopted by that Emperor, pointing out the 

 colonies of which he has made mention in his enumeration. 

 Nor is it a very easy task to trace their situation and origin ; 

 for, not to speak of others, the Ingaunian Ligurians have had 

 lands granted to them as many as thirty different times. 



CHAP. 7. or THE NINTH^ EEGIOTf OF ITALY. 



To begin then with the river Yarns ; we have the town of 

 Nicsea'', founded by the Massilians, the river Paulo ^, the Alps 



1 This distance is overstated : the circuit is in reality about 2500 miles. 



2 For instance, from Pola to Ravenna, and from ladera to Ancona. 



3 Sardinia is in no part nearer to Italy than 140 miles. 



"* Issa, now Lissa, is an island of the Adinatic, off the coast of Libur- 

 nia ; it is not less than eighty miles distant from the nearest part of the 

 coast of Italy. 



° That is to say, the south, which was so called by the Homans : the 

 meaning being that Italy extends in a south-easterly direction. 



^ Italy was divided by Augustus into eleven districts ; the ninth of 

 which nearly corresponded to the former repubhc of Genoa 



7 The modern Nizza of the Italians, or Nice of the French. 



8 Now the Paghone, 



