::niap. 16.] Accouis-T or countries, etc. 229 



Irica^ whose names have passed into a by-word and a 

 proverb. 



Besides the above, there is in the interior of the second 

 region one colony of the Hirpini, Beneventum^, so called by 

 an exchange of a more anspicious name for its old one of 

 Maleventum ; also the ^culani^, the Aquilonii^ the Abelli- 

 nates surnamed Protropi, the Compsani, the Caudini, the 

 Ligures, both those called the Corneliani and Bebiani, the 

 Yescellani, the ^clani, the Aletrini, the Abellinates^ sur- 

 named Marsi, the Atrani, the ^cani^ the Alfellani^ the 



^ The names of these two defunct cities were used by the Romans to 

 signify anything Mvolous and unsubstantial ; just as we speak of " cas- 

 tles in the air," which the French call " chateaux en Espagne." 



2 Livy and Ptolemy assign tbis place to Samniuni Proper, as distin- 

 guished from the Hirpini. It was a very ancient city of the Saninites, 

 but in the year B.C. 268, a Roman colony was settled there, on which 

 occasion, prompted by superstitious feelings, the Romans changed its 

 name Maleventum, which in their language would mean " badly come," 

 to Beneventum or " wcU come." The modem city of Benevento still 

 retains nmnerous traces of its ancient grandem', among others a tri- 

 umphal arch, erected a.d. 114 in honour of the emperor Trajan. 



3 The remauia of Jiculanum are to be seen at Le Grotte, one mile 

 from MirabelLa. The rums are very extensive. 



^ There were probably two places called Aquilonia in Italy ; the remains 

 of the present one are those probably to be seen at La Cedogna. That 

 mentioned by Livy, B. x. c. 38-43, was probably a different place. 



5 These are supposed by some to be the people of Abellinima mentioned 

 in the jBrst region of Italy. Nothing however is known of these or of 

 the AbeUinates Marsi, mentioned below. 



6 ^cse is supposed to liave been situate about nineteen miles from 

 Herdonia, and to have been on the site of the modem city of Troja, an 

 episcopal see. The Compsani were the people of Compsa, the modem 

 Conza ; and the Caudini were the inhabitants of Caudium, near which 

 were the Fauces Caudinae or "Caudine Forks," where the Roman army was 

 captured by the Samnites. The site of this city was probably between 

 the modem Arpaja and Monte Sarchio ; and the defeat is thought to 

 have taken place in the narrow valley between Santa Agata and Moirano, 

 on the road from tlie former place to Benevento, and traversed by the 

 Uttle river Iselero. The enumeration here beginning ^dth the yEclani is 

 thought by Hardomn to be of nations belonging to Apulia, and not to 

 the Hirpini. The iEclani, here mentioned, were probably tlie people 

 of the place now called AscoU di Satriano, not far from the river Cara- 

 peUa. Of the Aletrini and Atrani nothing appears to be knowTi. 



"i Probably the people of Affila?, stiU called Affile, and seven miles 

 from Subiaco. Inscriptions and fragments of columns are stiU found 

 there. 



