Chap. 21.] ACCOUNT OF COUIfTRIES, ETC. 247 



Segiisio ; and, at the foot of the Alps, the colony of Augusra 

 Taurinoriim\ at -which place the Padus becomes navigable, 

 and which was founded by the ancient race of the Ligm-ians, 

 and of Augusta Pr^etoria''^ of the Salassi, near the two passes 

 of the Alps, the Grecian^ and the Penine (by the latter it is 

 said that the Carthaginians passed into Italy, by the Grecian, 

 Hercules) — the tov>ii of Eporedia"*, the foundation of which 

 by the Eoman people was enjoined by the Sibylline books ; 

 the Gauls call tamers of horses by the name of "Epore- 

 diae" — Yercell?s°, the town of the Libici, derived its origin 

 from the Salluvii, and iS^ovaria^, founded by the Yertacoma- 

 cori, is at the present day a district of the Vocontii, and not, 

 as Cato supposes, of the Ligurians ; of whom two nations, 

 called the Laevi and the Marici, founded Ticinum', not far 

 from the Padus, as the Boii, descended from the Transalpine 

 nations, have foimded Laus Pompeia^ and the lusubres Me- 

 diolanum^. 



modem Saluzzo, on the north bank of the Po. Segusio occupied the 

 site of the modern Susa. 



^ Augusta of the Tam-ini. The present city of Turin stands on its 

 site. It was made a Roman colony by Augustus. With the exception 

 of some inscriptions, Tmun retains no yestiges of antiquity. 



2 The present city of Aosta occupies its site. Tliis was also a Roman 

 colony fovmded by Augustus, after he had subdued the Salassi. It was, 

 as Pliny says in C. 5, the extreme point of Italy to the north. The remains 

 of the ancient city are of extreme magnificence. 



^ The Grecian pass of the Alps was that now known as the Little St. 

 Beniard ; while the Penine pass was the present Great St. Bernard. 

 Livy in liis History, B. xxi. c. 38, points out the error of taking these 

 mountains to have derived their name from the Poeni or Carthaginians. 

 There is no doubt that they took their name from the Celtic word signi- 

 fying a momitain, which now forms the "Pen" of the Welsh and the 

 " Ben" of the Scotch. 



* Now called Ivrea or Lamporcggio, at the entrance of the vaUey of 

 the Salassi, the present Yal d' Aosta. There are some remains of the 

 ancient town to be seen. 



* The present town of VerceUi stands on its site. 

 ^ Now called Novara, in the Duchy of Milan. 



7 It became a Roman municipal town, but owes its greatness to the 

 Lombard kings who made it their capital, and altered the name to Papia, 

 now Pavia. 



8 " Pompcy's Praises." The present Lodi Yecchio marks its site. 



^ It was the capital of the Insubres, a GaUic nation, and was taken by 

 the Romans in B.C. 222, on which it became a municipium and Roman 

 colony. On the division of the empire by Diocletian, it became the 



