yl4 PLINT's ITATUEAL HISTORY. [Book lY. 



Lebena\audHierapolis; and, in the interior, Grortyna^, Phae- 

 stnm, Cnossus^, Polyrreuiiim, Myrina, Lycastus, Eliamnus, 

 Lyctiis, Dium"*, Asus, Pyloros, Ehytion, Elatos, Pharae, 

 liolopyxos, Lasos, Eleuthernae^, Tberapnae, Maratbusa, and 

 Tjdisos ; besides some sixty otbers, of wbicb tbe me- 

 mory only exists, Tbe mountains are tbose of Cadistus®, 

 Ida, Dictynnaeus, and Corycus^. Tbis island is distant, at 

 its promontory of Criumetopon, according to Agrippa, from 

 Pbycus'^, tbe promontory of Cyrene, 125 miles ; and at Ca- 

 distus, from Malea in tbe Peloponnesus, eigbty. Erom tbe 

 island of Carpatlios^, at its promontory of Sammonium it 

 lies in a westerly direction, at a distance of sixty miles ; tbis 

 last-named island is situate between it and Ebodes. 



Tbe otber islands in its vicinity, and lying in front of tbe 



1 Now Lionda. 



2 Next to Cnossus in splendour and importance. Mr. Pasliley places 

 its site near the modern Haghius Dheka, the place of the martyrdom of 

 the ten Saints, according to tradition, in the Decian persecution. 



3 It has been remarked, that Pliny is mistaken here if he intends to 

 enumerate Cnossus among the towns of the interior of Crete. The only 

 remains of tliis capital of Crete, situate on the north of the island, are 

 those seen at Makro-Teikho, or the " Long Walls," so called fi'om the 

 masses of Rom.an brick- work there seen. 



■* Though an inland town, it probably stood in the vicinity of the 

 headland or promontory of the same name, which is now called Kavo 

 StaTTO. Many of these names are utterly unknown. 



^ One of the most important towns of Crete, on the N.W. slope of 

 Mount Ida, about fifty stadia from the port of Astale. Mr. PasUey 

 says that some remains probably of tliis place are stiU to be seen on a 

 hill near a place called Eletherna, five miles south of the great convent 

 of Arkadlii. 



6 The loftiest point of the momitain-range that traverses the island of 

 Crete from west to east. Its head is covered with snow. The modern 

 name is Psiloriti, looking down on the plain of Mesara. The word Ida 

 is supposed to mean a mountain in which mines are worked, and the 

 Idaei DactyH of Crete were probably among the fu"st workers in iron and 

 bronze. The position of Momit Cadistus, belonging to the range of 

 White Mountains, has been fixed by Hoeck at Cape Spadlia, the most 

 northerly point of the island. It is thought that Phny and Solinus are 

 in error in speaking of Cadistus and Dictynnseus as separate peaks, 

 these being, both of them, names of the mountain of which the cape was 

 formed; the latter name havmg been given in later times, from the 

 worsliip and temple there of Dictynna. 



7 Now Grabusa, the N.W, promontory of Crete. 



^ Now Ras-al-Sem, or Cape Rasat, in Africa. The distance, according 

 to Brotier, is in reality about 225 miles. ^ Now Skarpanto. 



