382 PLIIfT's NATUEA.L HISTOET. [Book lY. 



given to tlie sea tliat waslies its banks the name of the 

 Hylsean Sea; its inhabitants are called Enoechadlfce\ Be- 

 yond them is the river Panticapes"^, which separates the 

 JSFomades^ and the Georgi. and after it the Acesinus^. Some 

 authors say that the Panticapes flows into the Boi^ysthenes 

 below Olbia^. Others, who are more correct, say that it is 

 the Hypanis^ : so great is the mistake made by those who 

 have placed if in Asia. 



The sea runs in here and forms a large gulf ^, until there 

 is only an intervening space ^ of five miles between it and the 

 Lake Mseotis, its margin forming the sea-line of extensive 

 tracts of land, and numerous nations ; it is known as the Gulf 

 of Carcinites. Here we find the river Pacyris^", the towns of 

 Navarum and Carcine^\ and behind it Lake Buges^^, which 



* For Enoechadlse, Hardouin suggests that we should read Inde St/lcBi^ 

 "hence the mhabitants are called by the name of Hylsei." 



2 The Panticapes is usually identified with the modern Somara, but 

 perhaps withoiit suiBcient grounds. It is more probably the Kouskawoda. 



2 The Nomades or wandering, from the Georgi or agricultural Scy- 

 thians-. 



^ The Acesinus does not appear to have been identified by modern 

 geographers. ° Above called Olbiopohs or Miletopohs. 



^ The Bog or Boug. Flowmg parallel with the Borysthenes or 

 Dnieper, it cUsLarged itself into the Euxine at the town of Olbia, at no 

 great distance from the mouth of the Borysthenes. 



7 Probably meaning the mouth or point at which the river discharges 

 itself into the sea. 



^ The modern Grulf of Negropoli or Perekop, on the west side of the 

 Chersonesus Taurica or Crimea. 



3 Forming the present isthmus of Perekop, which divides the Sea of 

 Perekop from the Sea of Azof. 



^^ Called by Herodotus Hypacyris, and by later writers Carcinites. It 

 is generally supposed to be the same as the small stream now known as 

 the Kalantchak. 



^^ Hardouin says that the city of Carcine has still retained its name, 

 but changed its site. More modern geographers however are of opinion 

 that nothing can be determined with certainty as to its site. Of the site 

 also of Navarum nothing seems to be known. 



^2 Or Buces or Byce. This is reaUy a gulf, almost enclosed, at the end 

 of the Sea of Azof. Strabo gives a more full description of it imder the 

 name of the Sapra Zdmne, " the Putrid Lake," by wlaieh name it is still 

 called, in Russian, SibacJie or Sivache More. It is a vast lagoon, covered 

 with water when an east A\Tnd blows the water of the Sea of Azof into it, 

 but at other times a tract of shme and mud, sending forth pestilential 

 vapours. 



