Chap. 1.] ACCOUNT OF COUNTRIES, ETC. 375 



merly founded by Antaeus, and afterwards received the name 

 of Traducta Julia \ from Claudius Caesar, when he esta^ 

 blished a colony there. It is thirty miles distant from 

 Belong a town of Baetica, where the passage across is the 

 shortest. At a distance of twenty-five miles from Tingi, 

 upon the shores of the ocean^, we come to Julia Cou- 

 stautia Zilis"*, a colony of Augustus. This place is exempt 

 from all subjection to the kings of Mauritania, and is in- 

 cluded in the legal jurisdiction of Baetica. Thirty-two 

 miles distant from Julia Constantia is Lixos*, which was v 

 made a Eoman colony by Claudius Caesar, and which has 

 been the subject of such wondrous fables, related by the 

 Krriters of antiquity. At this place, according to the 

 story, was the palace of Antaeus ; this was the scene of his 

 combat with Hercules, and here were the gardens of the 

 Hesperides^. An arm of the sea flows into the land here, 



its name from Tinge, the wife of Antseus, the giant, who was slain by 

 Hercules. His tomb, which formed a hill, in the shape of a man. 

 stretched out at full length, was shown near the town of Tingis to a 

 late period. It was also beheved, that whenever a portion of the earth 

 covering the body was taken away, it rained until the hole was filled up 

 again. Sertorius is said to have dug away a portion of the hiU ; but, on 

 discovering a skeleton sixty cubits in length, he was struck with horror, 

 and had it immediately covered again. Procopius says, that the fortress 

 of this place was built by the Canaanites, who were driven by the Jews 

 out of Palestine. 



^ It has been supposed by Salmasius and others of the learned, that 

 Pliny by mistake here attributes to Claudius the formation of a colony 

 which was really estabhshed by either Julius Csesar or Augustus. It is 

 more probable, however, that Claudius, at a later period, ordered it to 

 be called " Traducta Juha," or " the removed Colony of Julia," in re- 

 membrance of a colony having proceeded thence to Spain in the time of 

 Juhus Caesar. Claudius liimself, as stated in the text, estabhshed a 

 colony here. 



2 Its ruins are to be seen at Belonia, or Bolonia, tliree Spanish miles 

 west of the modem Tarifa. 



3 At tliis point Phny begins his description of the western side of 

 Africa. 



* Now Arzilla, in the territory of Fez. Ptolemy places it at tlie mouth 

 of the river Zileia. It is also mentioned by Strabo and Antoniims. 



5 Now El Araiche, or Larache, on the river Lucos. 



^ Mentioned again in B. ix. c. 4 and c. 5 of the present Book, where 

 Phny speaks of them as situate elsewhere. The story of Antaeus is 

 further enlarged upon by Solinus, B. xxiv. j Lucan, B. iv. 1. 589, et seq. ; 

 and Martian us Capella, B. vi. 



