Cliap. 5.] ACCOUNT OF COUNTRIES, ETC. 899 



^vell as the cities of Alele^ and Cilliba^, we have subdued 

 by force of anns, as also Cydamus^, which lies over against 

 Sabrata. After passing these places a range of mountains 

 extends in a prolonged chain from east to west : these have 

 received from our people the name of the Black Moun- 

 tains"*, either from the appearance which they naturally bear 

 of having been exposed to the action of fire, or else from the 

 fact that they have been scorched by the reflection of the 

 sun's rays. Beyond it" is the desert, and then Talgse, a city of 

 the Garamantes, and Debris, at which place there is a spring'', 

 the waters of which, from noon to midnight, are at boiling 

 heat, and then freeze for as many hours until the following 

 noon ; Garama too, that most famous capital of the Ga- 

 ramantes ; all which places have been subdued by the Roman 

 arms. It was on this occasion that Cornelius Balbus'' was 

 honoured with a triumph, the only foreigner indeed that was 

 ever honoui'ed with the triumphal chariot, and presented 

 with the rights of a Eoman citizen ; for, although by birth 

 a native of Gades, the Roman citizenship was granted to him 

 as well as to the elder Balbus^, his uncle by the father's side. 

 There is also this remarkable circumstance, that our writers 



^ Now called Tanet-lVIellixlen, or the station of Melluleu, on the route 

 from Gadamez to Osei'ona. 



2 Zaoiiila or Zala, half way between Aiig;v'la and Mourzouk. 



3 Now GadameZj which, according to Marcvis, is situate almost under 

 the same meridian as Old Tripoli, the ancient Sabrata. 



^ According to Marcus this range still bears the name of Gibel-Assoud, 

 wliich in the Arabic language means the " Black Mountam." 



5 In a southerly dh'ection. He alludes probably to the Desert of 

 Bildulgerid. 



^ This spring is also mentioned by Pliny in B. ii. c. 106. Marcus sug- 

 gests that the Debris of Pliny is the same as the Bedir of Ptolemy. He 

 also remarks that the Enghsh traveller Oudney discovered caverns hcwni 

 out of the sides of the hills, evidently for the pui-poses of habitation, but 

 of wlxich the use is not kno\m by the present people. These he con- 

 Biders to have been the abodes of the ancient Troglodyte or "cave- 

 dwellers." In the Tibesti range of mountains, however, we find a race 

 called the Rock Tibboos, from the circumstance of their dweUing in caves. 



7 Comehus Balbus G-aditanus the Younger, who, upon his victories 

 over the Garamantes, obtained a triumph in the year B.C. 19. 



8 L. Cornelius Balbus the Elder, also a native of Gades. He obtained 

 the consulship in B.C. 40, the first instance, as we find mentioned by 

 Phny, B. vii. c. 44, in which this honour had been conferred upon oue 

 who was not a Roman citizen. 



