rhap. 20.] ACCOUNT OF COUNTRIES, ETC. 441 



ind on the east, the Laodiceni\ who are called the Laodiceni 

 on the Libanus, the Leucadii^, and the Larissa?i, besides 

 seventeen other Tetrarcliies, divided into kingdoms and 

 bearins: barbarous names. 



o 



CHAP. 20. (24.) — THE EUPHEATES. 



This place, too, will be the most appropriate one for 

 making some mention of the Euphrates. This river rises in 

 Caranitis^, a praefecture of Greater Armenia, according to 

 the statement of tliose who have approached the nearest to 

 its source. Domitius Corbulo says, that it rises in Mount 

 Aba ; Licinius Mucianus, at the foot of a mountain which 

 he calls Capotes'*, twelve miles above Zimara, and tliat at its 

 source it has the name of Pyxurates. It first flows past 

 Derxene^ and then Anaitica^, shutting out^ the regions of 

 Armenia from Cappadocia. Dascusa^ is distant from Zimara 

 seventy-five miles ; from this spot it is navigable as far as 



* The people of Laodicea ad Libanum, a city of Coele-Syria, at the 

 northern entrance to the narrow valley, between Libanus and Anti- 

 Libanus. During the possession of Coele-Syria by the Greek kings of 

 Egypt, it was the south west border fortress of Syria. It was the chief 

 city of a district called Laodicene. 



2 Of Leucas, or Leucadia, nothing is known. Larissa, in Syria, was 

 y city in the district of Apamene, on the western bank of the Orontes, 

 About half-way between Apamea and Epiphania. The site is now called 

 i ulat-Seijar. 



\ 3 In the western branch of the plateau of Iran, a portion of the Taurus 

 cniin. Considerable changes in the course of the lower portion of tlie 

 riy^r have taken place since the time wlien Phny wrote. Caranitis is 

 tH ! modem Arzrum, or Erzrum, of the Turks. 



' • Now called Dujik Tagh, a mountain of Armenia. 



It has been suggested, that the proper readhig here would be 

 Xerxene. 



^ Probably the district where the goddess Anais was worshipped, 

 who is mentioned by Phny in B, xxxiii. c. 24. 



7 From the place of confluence where the two mountain streams 

 forming the Euphrates unite. This spot is now known as Kebban 

 Ma'den. 



8 A fortress upon the river Euphrates, in Lesser Armejiia. It 

 has been identified with tlie ferry and lead-mines of Kebhan Ma'den, 

 the points where the Kara Su is.joined by the Myratl-C'hai, at a ihstanco 

 of 270 miles from its source j tlie two streaius forming, by tlieir con« 

 fluence, the Euphrates. 



