Chap, 28.] ACCOUNT OF COUNTRIES, ETC. 455 



CHAP. 28. — LTCIA. 



In Lycia, after leaving its promontory \ we come to the 

 town of Simena, Mount Chimfera^, which sends forth flames 

 by night, and the city of Hephaestium^, the heights above 

 which are also frequently on fire. Here too formerly stood the 

 city of Olympus'* ; now we find the mountain places known 

 as Gagae^, Corydalla^, and Khodiopolis''. Xear the sea is 

 Limyra' with a river of like name, into which the Aryeandus 



gives precisely the same representation, with the additional error of 

 making the Ceraunii (i. e. the Caucasus of others) part of the Great 

 Taurus Chain. He seems to apply the name of Caucasus to the spurs 

 which spread out both to the north-east and the south-east from the 

 main chain near its eastern extremity, and which he regarded as a con- 

 tinuous range, bordering the western shores of the Caspian. See B. vi. 

 e. 10." — Dr. SynitKs Dictionary of Ancient Geography. 



^ Of CheHdonium, now Khelidonia, formed by the range of Taufus. 



2 See B. ii. c. 116. The flame wliich continually burned on this moun- 

 tain has been examined by Beaufort, the modern traveller. The name of 

 the moimtain is now Yanar : it is formed of a mass of scagUa with ser- 

 pentine. Spratt says that the flame is notliing more than a stream of 

 inflammable gas issuing from a crevice, such as is seen in several places 

 in the Apennines. By Homer it is represented as a fabulous monster, 

 wliich is explained by Servius, the commentator of Virgil, in the following 

 manner. He says that flames issue from the top of tlie mountain, and 

 that there are hons in the vicinity ; the middle part abounds ui goats, 

 and the lower part ^^•ith seri^ents. Simena appears to be unknown. 



3 So called from "H^atoros, the Greek name of Vulcan. Pliny men- 

 tions this spot also in B. ii. c. 110. The flame probably proceeded from 

 an inflammable gas, or else was ignited by a stream of naphtha. 



^ More generally known as Pha?nicus, a flourisliing city on Mount 

 Olympus ; now Yanar Dagh, a volcano on the eastern coast of Lycia, with 

 wliich it often exchanged names. Having become the head-quarters of 

 the pirates, it was destroyed by the Koman general Servilius Isauricus. 

 Its ruins are to be seen at a spot called Deliktash. 



5 Mentioned again in B. xxxvi. c. SI, as tlie spot whence the qayafes 

 lapis or ' agate ' took its name. The ruins at Aladja are regarded by 

 Leake as marking the site of Gaga> ; but Sir Charles Fellowes identifies 

 the place with the modem village of Hascooe, the vicinity of wlvich is 

 covered with ruins. 



^ On the road from Phasehs in Lycia to Patara. Its site is a village 

 called Hadgivella, about sixteen miles south-west of Phaselis. The re- 

 mains are very considerable. 



7 Tlie remains of Rhodiopolis were found by Spratt and Forbes in the 

 vicinity of Corydalla. 



8 On the Limyrus, probably the modem Phineka ; the ruins to the 

 north of which are supposed to be those of Limyra. 



