Chap. 43.] ACCOUNT OF COUNTETES, ETC. 495 



Thracian Bosporus. Upou these are situate Chalcedon^, 

 a free town, sixty-two miles from ]S'icomedia, formerly 

 called Proeerastis^j then Colpusa, and after that the " City 

 of the Blind," from the circumstance that its founders 

 did not know where to build their city, Byzantium being 

 only seven stadia distant, a site which is preferable in every 

 respect. 



In the interior of Bithj-nia are the colony of Apamea', 

 the Agrippenses, the Juliopolita?, and Bithmion'' ; the rivers 

 Syrium, Laphias, Pharnacias, Alces, Serinis, Lila^us, Scopius, 

 and Ilieras^, which separates Bithynia from Galatia. Be- 

 yond Chalcedon formerly stood Chrysopolis^, and then Ni- 

 copolis, of which the gulf, upon which stands the Port of 

 Amycus^, still retains the name ; then the Promontory of 

 IS^aulochum, and Estise*, a temple of Neptune^. A\^e then 

 come to the Bosporus, which again separates Asia from 

 Europe, the distance across being half a mile ; it is distant 

 twelve miles and a half from Chalcedon. The first entrance 

 of this strait is eight miles and three-quarters wide, at the 



* Its site is supposed to have been about two miles south of the 

 modem Scutari, and it is said that the modem Greeks call it Chalkodon, 

 and the Turks Kadi-Kioi. Its destruction was completed by the Turks, 

 who used its materials for the construction of the mosques and other 

 buildings of Constantinople. 



2 So called, Hardouin thinks, from its being opposite to the Golden 

 Horn, or promontory on which Byzantium was built. 



3 Or Myrlea, mentioned above in C. 40. See p. 490. 



■* Or Bithyniiun, lying above Tins. Its vicinity was a good feeding 

 coimtiy for cattle, and noted for the excellence of its cheese, as men- 

 tioned by Pliny, B. xi. c. 42. Antinoiis, the favourite of the Emperor 

 Adrian, was bom here, as Pausauias informs us. Its site does not 

 appear to be known, 



* These rivers do not appear to have been identified by tlie modem 

 geographers. 



6 The modem Scutari occupies its site. Dionysius of Byzantium 

 states, that it was called Chr^sopohs, eitlier because the Persians nia<le 

 it the place of deposit for the gold which they levied from tlie citici", or 

 else from Chrj'ses, a son of Agamemnon and Chryscis. 



7 A king of the Bebrycians. For some further particulars relative to 

 this place, see B. xvi. c. 89 of the present Book. 



8 Situate on a promontory', which is represented by the modem Algiro, 

 accorchng to Hardouin and Parisot. 



« Other writers say that it was erected in honour of the Twelve Greater 

 Divinities. 



