130 [November, 



whicli, at the end of September, 1848, 1 found in great numbers on Chenopodium 

 album, in places where the plant was well protected from the wind, but not too much 

 shaded. They fed only on the seeds. The case of the young larva is cylindrical, 

 slightly tapered posteriorly, rather short, pale grey, plastered with little bits of grey 

 and brownish dirt, especially towards the mouth end. The case of the full-fed larvse 

 is 3 lines long, cylindrical, slightly tapered at both ends, beneath with a very faint 



longitudinal keel The wide mouth is almost circular, and placed very 



obliquely. The ground-colour is pale grey, darker or paler, rarely quite whitish, 

 and in many specimens we see bare streaks and longitudinal lines most frequently 

 on the under-side, the length, breadth and number of these lines vary much. . . . 

 The larva remains unchanged during the winter, and crawls about actively the fol- 

 lowing spring ; I have often found it on fences in the grass, without having been 

 able to breed the imago." 



He never mentions, either then or afterwards, what moths were produced from 

 these larvse he had collected, so that we do not know whether they were flavaginella 

 or not. 



Tengstrom, in 1859, introduces in his "Anmarkningar och Tillagg till Finlands 

 Smafjaril-Fauna," p. 157, C. flavaginella without any query, and says, "A female from 

 the neighbourhood of Helsingfors I cannot separate from flavaginella, of which I 

 have eight tolerably well preserved specimens from Madam Lienig's collection.* 

 They somewhat resemble Nylander's punctipennella, especially wasted specimens, 

 and agree also in size ; but fine and uninjured specimens have no spots, but only 

 darker shady streaks between the more shining wing-nervures. Scattered spots 

 occur only in three somewhat wasted and injured specimens. The ground-colour is 

 pale dirty yellow, with faint ochreous-yellow streaks " 



In the "Stettin, ent. Zeit.," 1864, p. 165, Herr Gr. G. Miihlig, for the first time, 

 endeavoured to (W^erenti&te flavaginella from annulatella ; the larvae of both species 

 feeding on the same plants at the same time. He says, " One used to collect from 

 Chenopodium and Atrlplex the free-sitting, grey and black granulated cases, striped 

 with light gv^j, and gave them some branches of the plants for their food, and 

 eventually there appeared both annulatella and flavaginella ; but, then, one had 

 overlooked that along with the above-mentioned cases, one had probably left on the 

 food-plant larvae with cases composed of green pieces of the seed covers, and which 

 were less easily perceptible. 



" After repeated attempts to breed the larvse, we have now succeeded in dis- 

 tinguishing the two species. 



"The free-sitting, ^rw case belongs to flavaginella, whilst that made with the 

 seed-coverings belongs to annulatella. The larva of this last-named species con- 

 structs from fragments of the seeds a case in which it can move about on the plant ; 

 when the case is several days old the bits of seed become yellowish and might betray 

 the concealment of the larva, which then quits this case to construct a new one. 

 When full fed it descends to the earth, and buries itself in the soil, and then spins a 

 case formed of grains of sand, which at a fast glance much resembles the case of 

 flavaginella but it is quite tender and soft to the touch, whilst the case of flavagi- 

 nella is firm and hard." 



* Two of these specimens were handed to me by Dr. Nylander when I was in Paris in 1859, 

 as a present from Lis friend Dr. af Tengstrom. 



