90 [AF-ii, 



Those species of Coliades tliat are fouiicl in intertropical parts are chiefly con- 

 fined to high altitudes, and are quite alpine in their habitat. In the tropics them- 

 selves the Coliadee are only found in the high Andes, Mr. Ed. Whymper in his 

 recent expedition having discovered a new species, named by Godman and Salvin 

 C. altieoJa. A description of it will be found in the Appendix to Mr. Whymper's 

 book, vol. ii, p. 107. It was the highest insect of any kind obtained, and was 

 collected between 12,000 and 16,000 ft. Indeed, it is the highest-flying butterfly in 

 either North or South America. In Europe thirteen species of Colias are found, 

 two species being found in Great Britain, but they are very fitful, irregular, and 

 capricious in their appearance. 



GONOPTERTX Cleobule, Hb. 



This is undoubtedly quite a distinct race of G. Cleopntra, in that 

 the (J has the whole of the fore-wings suffused with orange, whereas 

 in G. Cleopatra only two-thirds of their area are occupied by the 

 brilliant orange colour. In shape, too, there is a difference between 

 these two forms, as the angular projection of the wings in G. 

 Cleohule is less acute, or (to quote Mrs. Holt White) " of a squarer 

 form, and having no decided point at the angle of the hind-wings." 



G. Cleohule is quite peculiar to the Canary Islands. 



Although Mr. de V. Kane dissents (in the case of Vanessa 

 Levana-Prorsa) from Dr. Weissmann's theory that a migration south- 

 wards of certain species of Rlwpalocera from the less congenial 

 climates of Northern Europe have modified their size and colouring, 

 nevertheless 1 venture to think that, in the face of evidence such as 

 that afforded by G. rliamni, G. Cleopatra, and G. Cleohule, the fact is 

 undeniable. Surely we must ascribe the increased size, strength, and 

 intensified colour of G. rhamni in its journey southwards, to Madeira 

 and to the Canaries, to the influence of increased warmth and sunlight, 

 and luxuriant food ? Certainly it is a most remarkable zoological 

 phenomenon, and it is difficult for me to see how else the considerable 

 differentiation displayed by G. rhamni, G. Cleopatra, and G. Cleohule 

 is to be explained. 



M. Boisduval says G. rhamni and G. Cleopatra are identical, since 

 he has reared both from the same batch of eggs. Certainly these two 

 forms fly together. 



Salamanca, Santa Cruz, Tenerife : 

 December, 1894. 



[The Canary Islands ai'e now so much frequented by our countrymen as a 

 winter resoi't as to render observations on the butterflies by a resident, of special 

 intei'est, even although some of the genei-al remarks contain no information that is 

 new. — Eds.] 



