15(5 [July, 



oxeye dais}' (Chrysanthemum leucanthemum') from railway banks and 

 quarries. They were living on the roots along with D. plumhagana, 

 but could be distinguished from that species by their habits quite as 

 much as by their appearance. Plumhagana was tunnelling in the 

 centre of the root stocks, and working occasionally a short way into 

 the growing shoot, whilst there was evidence from old scarring, &c., 

 that it had lived at an earlier stage on the surface of the stocks under 

 a web. This tallies to a nicety with the observations of Mr. Barrett 

 (vol. xvi, p. 238), except that in his case the food-plant was yarrow 

 {Achillea millefolium) . To his description of the larva I need add 

 nothing, beyond saying that mine had a greenish tinge, due probably 

 to food, and that the anterior trapezoidals were round like the pos- 

 terior ones, and of the same size. 



Plicmhana occurred deeper down, in the roots rather than the 

 root stocks, grooving them deeply under cover of a web, yet, strange 

 to say, in its case also a different practice had been followed earlier, 

 and the hearts of the roots and root stocks had been occupied. Thus 

 both species in the course of their life change to some extent their 

 habits, but in opposite directions, for the one passes from the surface 

 to the interior, the other from the interior to the surface. The larvae 

 were of moderate proportions and nearly uniform bulk, yellowish- 

 white and opaque, but becoming somewhat transparent just before 

 spinning up; head amber coloured, with black mouth parts, plates and 

 legs ochreous, spots untiiited with grey, and consequentlyinconspicuous. 

 Those taken in March were still feeding, but the April ones were 

 making up. The imago was freely bred. 



My next acquaintance with it was under totally different circum- 

 stances. At the latter end of August, 1893, two larvae were found 

 mining in the stems of yarrow. They had entered near the top, had 

 travelled down some five or six inches, packing the gallery behind 

 them with frass, and had reached within an inch of the root stock. 

 I judged them to be in their last skin. The shoots were not drooping, 

 but they ended in strikingly small panicles, and it was this circum- 

 stance that led to their examination. Having brought them home, 

 I took two strong plants, cut the stems o:ff short, and having drilled a 

 small chamber in the stumps, placed the larvae within and planted 

 them in a flower pot. The description of the larvae taken at the time 

 corresponded accurately with that of the daisy feeders, and need not, 

 therefore, be repeated ; the essential character being the colourlessness 

 of the spots. In the second week of the following June one moth 

 was bred. 



