94 [September. 



and lines of black showing through ; spines short, blunt, whitish, tawny at base, and 

 ciliated with fine black and grey hairs, arranged in eights in a ring on all the segments, 

 except the 2nd and 3rd, on which there are only six ; the sub-spiracular spines are 

 very minute ; a narrow black dorsal line ; an interrupted blackish sub-dorsal line ; 

 head reddish-brown, with a black dot on each side of the face ; mouth black ; legs 

 very small, pale pinkish-grey ; claspers of the same colour. Chrysalis short and 

 stumpy ; varies from pale bluish-grey to greyish-pink ; a minute dorsal orange dot 

 on each segment ; a sub-dorsal row of orange dots, bordered above with black ; a 

 black dot above the spiracles, which are orange ; all these dots are raised, especially 

 the sub-dorsal row ; six black dots on each wing-case ; ten small black spots on head 

 and thorax, and on centre of thorax ; on each side of the dorsal line, is a crescent- 

 shaped black line, bordered within with orange. The chrysalis is suspended by its 

 tail to a pad of silk spun on the under-side of a leaf, twig, or stone, generally on the 

 surface of the ground, and occasionally several larva? spin a loose kind of web, in 

 which they all change to chrysalids. The perfect insect appeared in about ten days, 

 and there were several broods during the summer. 



Melitcea didyma, O. — Abundant and more generally distributed than either of 

 the other species of Melitcea. It was double brooded, the first brood appearing the 

 24th May, the second the 2nd August. It is an excessively variable insect, and the 

 females vary far more than the males. As I write I have a series of 17 before me, 

 and there are no two alike, and some of them are very beautiful, varying through 

 different shades of bright fulvous-red to creamy-pink and greenish-brown. 



Argynnis Daphne, Schiff. — On one or two occasions I noticed a fritillary flying 

 among thick brushwood, but was unable to secure an example, and I believe it was 

 this species. 



Argynnis Latlionia, L. — Rare, I only captured two examples. 



Argynnis Paphia, L. — Common in the valley of Ak-y-lar. 



Argynnis Pandora, Schiff. — This grand species was rather scarce, and difficult 

 to catch, as they were very strong fliers, and when once alarmed went off at a 

 tremendous pace. They were very fond of the flowers of various kinds of thistles, 

 and all the specimens captured were taken while they were regaling themselves on 

 these flowers. There seem to be two broods, for the first butterfly was taken 13th 

 June, and the last observed on 24th October. 



Melanargia Galathea, L. — Very abundant. 



Melanargia Larissa, H. v. Herta, H. S. — Very abundant in Ak-y-lar valley, 

 and in the grassy plain near the Bulair lines, and very partial to the flowers of 

 Scabious (Scabiosa succisa, L. and columbaria, L.). First observed on 4th June. 

 A very variable insect. 



Satyrus Sermione, L. — Very rare. 



Satyrus Briseis, L. — Abundant. First observed 22nd June. Rather a trouble- 

 some butterfly to catch, for it was fond of alighting on bare ground among loose 

 stones, where, closing its wings, it was difficult to see, and it generally rose just out 

 of reach, and went off with its quick jerky flight. The males were far more 

 numerous than the females. 



Satyrus Semele, L. — Scarce and local. 



