INTERNAL ANATOMY OF INSECTS. 107 
the apex of that organ, in the grub of the cockchafer 8 ; 
and in that of the rose-beetle, there is one at the apex, one 
in the middle, and a third at the base b . Besides these 
appendages, which are formed of the skin of the stomach, 
there are others that are not so. In the Predaceous and 
some other beetles, the whole external surface of this 
organ is covered with small blind appendages opening 
into the space between its two skins, which cause it to 
resemble a shaggy cloth; these Ramdohr calls s/iags 
(zotte c ), and Cuvier, hairs d (villi). These appendages 
the latter author seems to regard as organs that secrete 
the gastric juice and render it to the stomach c ; but the 
former thinks their use uncertain f . 
3. The small intestines (Intestina parva) are the por- 
tion of intestines next the stomach, and consist often of 
three distinct canals ; — the first is supposed to be analo- 
gous to the duodenum; it is found only in the Coleopte- 
rous genera Silpha L. and Lampyris L., and is distin- 
guished from the succeeding intestine by being per- 
fectly smooth f. Next follows the thin intestine (Diinn- 
darm), which in the above insects is wrinkled; it most 
commonly immediately follows the stomach. Some- 
times it is wholly wanting, as in Agrion, the Hemi- 
ptefei b i &c. Ramdohr conjectures that it is not solely de- 
stined for conveying the excrement, but that probably 
some juices are separated in it from the food especially 
for the nutrition of the gall-vessels, as their principal 
convolutions are mostly near this intestine 1 ; which per- 
" Ramdohr Anat. t. viii./. 3. cc. b Ibid. t. vii./. 2. 
c Ibid. 20. d Anat. Comp. iv. 132. 
c Ibid, and 136. « Ubi supr. 30. 
g Ibid. 31. i. iv,/ 2. c. t.v.f. l.d.f. 1 D. 
h Ibid. 32. ! Ibid. 34. 
