INTERNAL ANATOMY OF INSECTS. 115 
is more than double the length of the body, and in some 
much longer % the stomach is long, and commonly 
naked ; but in Chrysomela violacea it is covered with 
hemispherical prominences b , and in Chrysomela Populi 
it is shaggy c ; in the insect last named and Galleruca 
Vitellines the rectum consists of two pieces ,l . In this 
tribe the intestines of the larva resemble those of the 
perfect insect 6 . 
In the Orthoptera the alimentary canal, which conti- 
nues the same in every state, is short, or only moderately 
long ; the gullet has one or two lateral pouches or crops f , 
and terminates in a gizzard of curious construction, with 
singular folds and teeth s ; then follows a short stomach, 
usually with a pair or more of coeca at its upper extre- 
mity h ; the lower intestines are not distinct, and the bile- 
vessels numerous, short and free '. 
In the Neuroptera, many of the genera are distin- 
guished by the remarkable length of the gullet, and by 
the lower intestines forming one short piece k . In the Li- 
bellulina the bile-vessels are numerous, short, and free, 
as in the Orthoptera l . In Hemerobius and Myrmeleon 
there is a gizzard m , and just above it a ccecum, in the for- 
mer very remarkable, is connected with the gullet ". 
The Hymcnoptera appear all to be distinguished by a 
long slender gullet, terminating in a dilated crop form- 
ing the honey-bag; their stomach is variable, their small 
intestine slender, and the rectum dilated; — their bile-ves- 
a Ramdohi- 103. b Ibid. 104. t. vlf. 4. D. 
• Ibid.f. 2. B. d Ibid. t. \\.f. 3. E. e Ibid. 101. 
f Ibid. t. If, 1. 5. 9. E Ibid.f. 2, 3, 4. 7, 8. 12. 
11 Ibid.f. 1. e,f 5. c.f. 9. g h. « Ibid.f. 1. 9. *. 
k Ibid. I. xv. f. 3, 4. t. xvii./. 2. G. ' Ibid. t. xv.f. 3, 4,f. 
'" Ibid. I. xvii./. 2. c.f. G d. " Ibid.f. 2. b.f. G. c. 
I 2 
