INTERNAL ANATOMY OF INSECTS. 117 
these, usually terminates in an ample crop consisting of 
many folds a , followed by a long, slender, cylindrical 
tube, dilated at its base into a spherical tumour ; these 
two may be said to form the first stomach : to this suc- 
ceeds a second b , which Ramdohr denominates the bug- 
stomach ( Wanzen-magen\ which varies in its figure, and 
in Pentatoma consists of four demi-tubes, so as to form a 
quadrangular canal c . In the Homopterous section of 
this Order Ramdohr seems to have examined but few; 
Chermes however and Aphis exhibit one remarkable fea- 
ture ; they have no bile-vessels^ at least he could discover 
no trace of these organs d . Their intestinal canal is very 
simple, their stomach very long, widest above, and some- 
what convoluted, with a very slender gullet e . In Cer- 
copis spwnaria the structure is more complex, and ex- 
tremely singular. It has ttvo or rather three stomachs ; 
the two first of a horny substance, and the last a slen- 
der somewhat convoluted membranous tube, which be- 
coming reversed, is attached by what should be deemed 
its lower extremity to the first stomach, from the other 
side of which emerge the lower intestines, terminating in 
a thick pear-shaped rectum. At the same point of the 
first stomach the four bile-vessels are attached, they 
grow gradually thicker for about a third of their length, 
when they become twisted like a cord, and taper towards 
the rectum, to which also they are attached f . From 
this structure it should seem that the food has to pass 
twice through the first stomach, before the process of 
digestion is complete, and it is rejected at the anus. 
* Ramdohr t. xxii./. 1. e.f. 3, 4. B~. 
h Ibid./. \.D E.f. 3. CD. 
c Ibid. l.x\\].f. 1. 1), E.f. 3. C, D.f. 4. C. « Ibid. W8. 
' Ibid. I. jusvi./. 2. 4. l Ibid. 1. xxxiii./. 3. 
