HISTORY OF ENTOMOLOGY. 44-1 
or was it made by himself 3 ? It is singular that Linne 
should never allude to this work. Goedart, who belongs 
also to this era, is stated to have spent forty years of his 
life in attending to the proceedings of insects b . But after 
this long study, his principal use to the science was the 
improvement he effected in the drawing and engraving 
of them, — for his figures, though sometimes incorrect 
and sometimes fabulous, were far superior to those of 
his predecessors. 
3. The Era of ' Swammerdam and Ray, or of the Me- 
tamorphotic System. The great men whose names are 
here united, as they were cotemporary, so they agreed 
in founding their respective systems of insects on the 
same basis. To the former, however, is due the merit 
of beino- the first who assumed the metamorphoses of these 
animals as the basis of a natural arrangement of them ; 
upon which the latter, in conjunction with his lamented 
friend Willughby, erected that superstructure which 
opened the door for the present improved state of the 
science. Swammerdam's system may be thus expressed 
in modern language : 
r Class i. Metamorphosis complete c =Aptera L. d 
, . { Ortkoptera. Hcmiptera. 
»• semicompletc j j^dfifina, Ephemcrina -. 
-2 f C Coleoptcra, Hymcnoptera, 
%\ ( incomplete < part of Neuroptcra and 
iii. \ I Diptera f . 
t obtected Licpidoptera* 
iv. coarctatc 
I 
Ichneumoncs minuti L. h 
Muscidce, &c\ 
a AristotleXffi^. Anlm. I. i. c. 1.) says, "The sponge seems to have 
some sensation : as a proof, it is not easily plucked up, unless, so they 
say, the attempt is concealed." b Lister's Goedart, Pmf.ii. 
r - See Vol. I. p. 65—, where these terms are explained. 
« Swamm. Bibl. Nat. i. 38-. c Ibid. 92—. f Ibid. 119— . 
b Ibid, ii. 1—. h Ibid, 31—. j Ibid. 30. 
