474 HISTORY OF ENTOMOLOGY. 
two groups or subclasses, from the mode in which they 
take their food. 
Lamarck, — whose merits as a Zoologist, except in one 
point 3 , are of the highest order, — in his Systemedes Ani- 
maux sans Verlebrcs, which was published in 1801, adopts 
the above division of insects ; but, after Aristotle b , he 
makes the Hymenoptera an intermediate Order between 
the masticators and those that take their food by suction; 
he places the Lcpidoptera at the head of the latter, and 
the Aphaniptera, which he denominates Aptera, at the 
end c : the Hexapod, Octopod, and Poly pod Aptera he 
considers as Arachnida d . Jn his last great work (Hi- 
stoirc Naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres) he includes 
the Hymenoptera amongst the masticators, and reverses 
the disposition of his Orders, beginning with his Aptera 
and ending with the Coleoptera e . 
M. Le Baron Cuvier, in his Anatomic Comparee (1805) 
divided Insecta into two subclasses, from the presence 
or absence of maxilla: : thus — 
With Maxillae. Without Maxillce. 
1. Gnathaptera. 1. Hemiptera. 
2. Neuroptera. 2. Lepidoptera. 
3. Hymenoptera. 3. Diptera. 
4. Coleoptera. 4. Aptera. 
5. Orthoptera. 
His Gnathaptera include the Isopod Crustacea, the 
Arachnida, the Polypod, and some of the Octopod and 
Hexapod Aptera; and his Aptera — Pulex, Pediculus, and 
a Vol. III. p. 348, note c . b See above, p. 433. 
' Syst. des Anim. sans Verichr. 1^5. d Ibid. 171. 
e Anim. sans Vertebr. iii. 332 — . 
