SEASONAL, POLYMORPHISM. 13 



and I called caldaria the very sma,ll and pale fulvous second generation, 

 from Florence, of prutea. I have just received a series collected last 

 August at Genzano, near Rome ; this is evidently the second brood. I 

 find it is surprisingly different from the Florentine caldaria in that it 

 is in no way as different from the first broods of romana or protea. It 

 is only a little smaller than ruinana ; it has none of the ochreous tinge, 

 characteristic of summer individuals, being only of a yellowish fulvous 

 in male and of a whitish or rosy fulvous in female ; the black markings 

 are only a little reduced in extent as compared with romana ; the 

 basal black suffusion, however, is always very limited or even abolished, 

 and this is the only well marked feature, showing I have before me a 

 second brood. On the underside the black markings and the fulvous 

 bands are remarkably prominent and deep in tone, instead of being, on 

 the contrary, faint, as in caldaria. Two very old females are unmis- 

 takeably survivals of the first brood and suggest protea, rather than 

 romana, having flown at Genzano. A little August series from 

 Paliano, a more arid locality of the same region, comes very near 

 caldaria : presumably such surroundings would produce romana in the 

 first generation, because the latter is a first step towards caldaria, as 

 compared to protea. 



Melitaea trivia, Schiff. and Denis, race catapelioides, Stauder [Zeit. 

 ivinsen. Insektenbiol, xiv., p. 57 (1918)], and race caucasi, mihi.-^ 

 This is one of the species which in Italy has only been found in a few 

 localities, at great distances from each other. It is recorded from 

 Botzen in South Tyrol by Spuler. Count Hartig. of Botzen, and 

 Astfaller, of Meran, told me they had never found it, but the former 

 had heard from Wagner and Stauder that they had collected it at the 

 altitude of m. 1000 on Mt. Laugen, situated at the beginning of the 

 Ultental, near Lana. It is found in the Eoman Campania : recorded 

 in old days by Calberla and Standfuss at Monterotondo, and lately by 

 Rostagno, who found it at Oricola, m. 1000, on the boundary of the 

 Abruzzi. I have just seen two specimens collected in August, by a 

 beginner in entomology, at Paliano, on the railway between Rome 

 and Fiuggi. The third locality is Calabria: discovered by Stauder 

 in June above Paola, m. 400 to 600, and called catapelioidea ; found 

 again last year by Querci, on May 23rd, near S. Fill, m. 900. The 

 peculiarities of catapelioides in Stauder's description seem to be the 

 light ochreous colour as in the Asiatic catapelia, Stdgr., and a series 

 of black dots standing out prominently between the marginal band 

 and the premarginal lunules, which constitute, according to Stauder, 

 an entirely new feature in this species. Size like that of fascelis ; 

 black pattern very extensive; dark basal suffusion even more so than 

 in any I'ascelix. The three specimens found by Querci do not tit this 

 description exactly, showing there must be a good deal of mdividual 

 variation. One is nearly identical to Seitz's figure of fascelis, but the 

 fulvous is a little more ochreous in tone : the black dots described by 

 Stauder are certainly there, but they are blent with the very broad 

 marginal band. The other specimens are more ochreous in tone, but, 

 being worn, are no guarantee as to what the colour was when fresh ; 

 pattern much less extensive than in preceding, and, more or less, as in 

 what one calls the nymotypical trivia ; no trace of the black dots. 

 The two Paliano specimens of second generation are similar to the 



