32 THK kntomoi-ogist's rkcord. 



margin. A transition to this form is erifthnisoidca, Rocci {Atti Soc. 

 IJiiasHca Scieitze Xat. e Geotjr., 1918) ; here the red markings are very 

 extensive, but they are separated into bands by the darkened neuration ; 

 Rocci says in his description that there is " a red dash at the back of 

 the hindmost nervure, as in enjtJinis, Hb., but less marked." I made 

 him note that this could not be correct, because the chief specific 

 difference between eryt/niis and i)iirpiiralis consists in the fact that the 

 former has the base of the wing between that nervure and the dorsal 

 margin constantly occupied by a red triangular patch, whereas in 

 jiitrpiiralis that area is alwaj^s dark and a dark streak extends from it 

 along the dorsal margin, however gi-eat the extent of the red may be, 

 as stated above. He answered I was quite right and that his description 

 would have to be modified in this sense. 



Race MiKABiLis, mihi. Burgeff says very rightly that form minos, 

 as he calls rithrotecta, rises to be a " subvariety " in Southern and 

 Central Italy, because its percentage surpasses that of the typical 

 form. Something more, however, must be said about it : Querci has 

 found at S. Fili, m. 900, on the Coast Range of Calabria what may 

 well be called the finest race known of piirpiiralis. It is larger and 

 more robust than any other ; the dark markings are blackish ; the red 

 ones are also very saturated, so that a rich effect of colouring is 

 produced ; the red is unquestionably more extensive than in any other 

 race and the most extreme examples of ruhrotecta predominate in the 

 female and are quite frequent also in the male. A race transitional to 

 this one has been found in the Aurunci Mts., north of Naples, which 

 might be called xnrahilU trans, ad fioHL 



Race FioRii, Costantini [Att. Soc. dei Natiiralisti e Mateiiiatiri in 

 Modena, serie V., vol. iii., 1916). Described from the Einilian 

 Apennine (Cimone, Fiumalbo, Tagliole), this race seems to be quite 

 the same in the whole of Central Italy ; I possess series from localities 

 as varied as that of " types," Palazzuolo di Romagna, Sasso di Castro, 

 Mt. Senario (near Florence), the Sibillini Mts., the Mainarde (north of 

 Naples). This is a much smaller and frailer insect than inirabilix, 

 usuitlly less highly coloured and often less densely scaled ; the extent 

 of the red is on the whole distinctly lesser, but it certainly comes next 

 to it by the frequency of form mhroterta, not unfrequent even amongst 

 the males. A remarkable fact is, that notwithstanding this tendency 

 to reduce the dark scaling of forewing, the hindwing has quite a 

 comparatively broad marginal band, which in some individuals extends 

 all along it, in a way not seen in any other race, except the darkest 

 Alpine ones. The male and female figured by Seitz under the name 

 of poli/iialac on PI. 1 of (Jross-sclniiett. are a fair representation of race 

 fioiii, and no doubt they are Italian, as Northern and Central Italy is 

 the habitat given for pob/fialcw in the text. 



Race isARCA, mihi. The specimens collected by Wagner in the 

 Isarco Valley in South Tyrol are very large and bright ; the red is 

 extensive, but not quite as much as in the Italian races just described ; 

 it does not extend further back than the second anal nervure, but the 

 middle band spreads out at its farther end in a broad fan-shaped area; 

 the tone is of a slightly lighter carmine than in the races just 

 mentioned and in the other Alpine ones, with a suspicion of yellow 

 mixed in it, which makes it more brilliant and recalls the same 

 difference existing in the series of Z. lilipcHdnlae race ochsenlieiineri, 



