NOTES ON UUBICUNDtIS, HB. 33 



Brk., from those two regions. This tine race is prolmhly that of many 

 low, warm valleys in the Southern Alps. 



Race MAGNALi'iNA, mihi. Corresponds to nymotypical I'tlipoididae 

 of the Alps, as harca corresponds to (iclmculiniiicri. No doubt it is 

 the most widespread race of the species in the Alps and in the Mantes 

 Pyrt'noe?. It is that which Oberthur [lit. d' h'lit., viii., p. 27 (18H4)] 

 says is, round Cauterets, "superb, large, vividly coloured, al)Out 

 similar to the one found at Zermatt." He adds that in the Ariege, 

 near Ax, one finds a smaller type, more vermilion in colour ; this, I 

 presume, is transitional to vuhi/fena, Led. Race iiuKjualpina is not 

 quite so large as ■isarca ; its chief characteristic is the intensity of the 

 colouring; the dark markings are very opaque and black; the red is 

 saturated and even colder than in )iiirnl)ilis ; its extent is considerably 

 lesser than in the races described above ; the fan -shaped area at the 

 end of the median band is small. The hindwings have a slight blafk 

 suffusion along outer margin. The series of Gedre, m. 1000 (Htes- 

 Pyr.), received from Rondou is the most blackish I have seen, pi-obably 

 on !i,ccount of the local causes which produce, there, also race tristis, 

 Obtli., of Z. nrliillcac, Esp. From Mt. Boron (Alpes-Maritimes 

 Departement) I have a pair of specmiens which seem vacq isair(t trans. 

 ad. imu/nalpiiia. 



Race PARVALPiNA, mihi. At the Baths of Valdieri, m. 1375, in the 

 Piedrnontese Maritime Alps, I have collected a race which cannot be 

 referred to the preceding on account of its much smaller size and on 

 account of the distinctly more reduced extent of the red bands ; the 

 form usually called /dntn, Ochs. (see this race, below), is very frequent; 

 the hindwings have in most males a narrow, but distinct dark band 

 along the whole of the outer margin. It other'wise agrees with 

 maiintili>iiia in the intensity and tone of colouring. 



Race nubigp:na. Led. [Ver/i. zooL-haf. IVr. Weiv, ii., p. 93 (1852)]. 

 Briefly, but etiectively, descrilied as "very thinly scaled (like A. 

 e.nil(i)is) the red of a pale crimson, the border of the hindwings rather 

 convex,"' from a single male of the Pasterze glacier on the Gross 

 Glockner. One might add that the body is covered with long hairs 

 and that the red pattern is more extensive than in the two previous 

 races. It is the race of very high altitudes, corresponding to niannii, 

 H.-S., and paidnla, Vrty., of filiiicndidac, L. I have Welsh specimens- 

 which are perfectly similar to my Alpine )uil>i(jena, Led. (not Birchallj, 

 and very distinct indeed from any other race. Tutt says the P>ritish 

 specimens he has seen are identical with the continental type 

 piirinir(dis, but whether he actually means the nymotypical race of 

 Denmark it is not made clear. Anyhow it seems likely that these 

 northern races should resemble each other. 



Race MINOS, ISchiff. (seeabove) = pluto, Ochs. [Die ScliHiettt'ditvje, IL, 

 p. 26 (1H08)] . The name pluto is generally used, not for a race, but for 

 the striking individual form in which the red bands are shortened so con- 

 siderably that the median one ends abruptly just beyond the extremity of 

 cell with a sharp rounded outline, its usual fan-shaped expansion being 

 entirely obliterated. If we refer to Ochsenheimer's description, we find 

 all he says of the red pattern is as follows : " the red spots are finer, the 

 third is wedge-shaped and shorter, fading off towards the outside into 

 the ground colour." The habitats he gives are " Hungary and the 

 neighbourhood of Vienna." I have a little series from the latter 



