DR. T. A. CHAPMAN, F.R.S. AN APPRECIATION. 59 



exhaustive study of the interrelations between the Coleopteron and 

 the Hymenopterou. 



During the period of his service in the public institutions at 

 Abergavenny and Hereford, at the latter of which he presided as medical 

 officer for the major portion of his life, his time was much taken up 

 with his exacting professional duties, but even then he sought every 

 opportunity to make observations in all orders of insects. His holidays 

 during that period were mainly spent in wandering on foot in and 

 around Alpine Europe, not collecting Lepidoptera as he did when he 

 became intimately involved in the work of our late Editor, J. W. Tutt, 

 but observing plants and insects, their habits and peculiarities in this 

 entrancing environment. At Hereford he made a local collection of 

 British Lepidoptera, which, however, he gave to the county Museum 

 on his retirement from his professional duties early in the nineties. 

 Most of the British species, including many micros, he had bred, and 

 he would often refer to the " kittens," Acronictas, and other " good 

 things," which he was accustomed there to look for year by year. 



At Hereford he had an intimate friend in the late Dr. Wood, for 

 whose contributions to our knowledge of the minute structure and life- 

 history of the Micro-lepidoptera and the smaller Diptera he was able to 

 contribute much material. All this was a gradual acquiring of detail 

 and a self-education, later to be brought to bear on greater and broader 

 questions, the relationship and phylogenyof the various families of the 

 Lepidoptera, and other subjects upon which he subsequently threw so 

 much light. Still his chief pleasure was the investigation of details in 

 insect life-histories, and whether of Lepidoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera, 

 or Hymenoptera, it was always to discover an intricate relationship, to 

 investigate some curious habit, some hitherto evasive economy. In this 

 way he strongly urged the importance of the study of ancillary appendages, 

 he proved in numerous cases the absolute dependence of Lycaenids on their 

 association with ants, he discovered the habits of numerous sawflies in 

 their various stages. For many years he noted examples of teratology 

 in insects, and after collecting information from all sources and ponder- 

 ing for years on the possible causes of such, he finally made a long 

 series of experiments on the early stages of Liparis dupar, and contri- 

 buted the remarkable results of his investigation in a paper read at the 

 Oxford International Congress of Entomologists in 1912, entitled 

 " Some experiments on the Regeneration of the Legs of Liparis dispar," 

 shewing therein by a wealth of detailed and purposeful experiments the 

 probable imaginal results of definite injury in early stages, and the 

 power and limit of regrowth which the living system possesses. To 

 this subject he had recently returned, and he was actually working at 

 it to within a few hours of his death. During the evening meal he 

 expressed his pleasure that what he had been doing was successful as 

 far as it had gone, but said that the results would not be finally avail- 

 able until midsummer. Alas ! that he was unable to see the end. 



When he left Hereford for good besought a spot with surroundings 

 the best suited for his studies, and where at the same time he could 

 readily attend the meetings of the various societies he was now able to 

 join, the Entomological, the Linnean, the Zoological, the South 

 London, and the City of London, to get in touch with men of like 

 interests with his own. His choice fell on Reigate, probably one of the 

 most suitable of localities, with its various formations of chalks, sands, 

 clays, and its consequent wealth and variety of fauna and flora, while 



