NOTES ON THE ZYGTENID.E OF PROVENCE (fRANCe). 73 



end of the first generation. The compound name of irmalis-awpla- 

 eroceiis might in some localities and years be applied to the fourth 

 generation, to be exact. There thus exists : C. hyale, L., race lu/alc, 

 L. : I. gen. vernalis, Vrty. ; II. gon. hi/ale, L. — C. hyale, L., race calvia, 

 Vrty. : I. gen. vernalis, Vrty.; II. gen. calida, Vrty.; III. gen. calida, 

 Vrty. ; IV. partial emergence or extraordinary gen. hijale, L. — ( '. 

 croceus, Fourcr., race croceiis, Fourcr. : I. gen. vernalis, Vrty. ; II. gen. 

 ampla, Vrty. ; III. gen. croceus, Fourcr. ; IV. partial gen. vernalis- 

 mnpla-crocens, Vrty. -Fourcr. (in some localities and years), or autwnn- 

 alis, Rocci. According to Tutt, as far north as England, the 

 individuals of C. croceus which reach it in the spring may, in favour- 

 able years, produce two other generations. As the different features of 

 the various generations have only so recently been established in the 

 south, where they are probably more prominent, we have as yet no 

 knowledge as regards these in Central Europe, including Paris, whence 

 the species was described. That is why I abstain from designating 

 the southern race by a different name. It may be that ampla is 

 peculiar to it and should be used for the entire race, as distinguished 

 from race croceus, consisting only of vernalis and croceus. Barrett 

 records, however, that in June, 1877, particularly large and bright 

 croceus were produced in Pembrokeshire by larvte which had survived 

 the English winter, extremely mild that year ; they may have been 

 ampla, but anyhow, this remark shows that in the north seasonal 

 polymorphism is much more erratic than in the south, because the 

 small vernalis was cut out. 



(To he continued.) 



Notes on the Zygaenidae of Provence (France). 



By G. T. BETHUNE-BAKER, F.L.S., F.Z.S. 



One of my objects in visiting Provence in 1920 was to investigate, so 

 far as circumstances might permit, the local races of the genus Zye/aena. 

 The distribution of Z. astralu(ji, Bkh. = liippocre]ndis, Hb., is as far as 

 I can trace quite a matter of hypothesis, as is its relation to Z. trans- 

 alpina, Esp., and also to Z. alpiua, Boisd. I take it for granted that 

 all those who have studied this group are now satisfied that none of 

 these species, including also Z. anyelicae, are local races of either 

 Z. filijiendulae or Z. stoechadis ; whilst another point of interest is the 

 relation of this group with the little assemblage of species named by 

 Oberthiir centralis, i.e., centralis-centralis, ceiitralisocciileiitalis, and 

 centralis- provincialis. Before considering this question I should like to 

 again raise the synonymical value of Z. loti, Schift". Dr, Verity 

 is of the opinion that the name should be used for transalpina, 

 Esper, but he has unfortunately given us no reasons for such use. I 

 went very fully into this synonymy in vol. 32, p. 76 (1920), of this 

 magazine, and will not therefore repeat it here except to remind 

 my readers that judging from Esper's figure, loti, Esp., is probably 

 filipendtdae var. ci/tisi, and loti- vera (loti, Schiff.) is most likely 

 referable to uieliloti. With the name loti, I shall shortly deal in 

 detail. But to return to the Zijtjaenidae I observed in Provence. 



From the point of view of numbers actually captured and 

 seen Zipjaena centralis v. jirovincialis was much the most abundant, i 

 took about one hundred-and-fifty specimens at la Sainte Baume and at 



