88 THE ENTOMOI.OGIST's Ith-COHD. 



are the following species : caeapitidella, (ilatictnilella, tihtiiNclla, aud 

 murinipennella. Another gi'oup may be formed of those species which 

 are marked on the forewings with scattered dark dots as well as pale 

 longitudinal lines. They are chiefly coastal species and feed on 

 C/ieiiopodiaceae or Compositae. lAtripemiella and arteiiiisiella (the latter 

 examined by Mr. H. J. Turner) belong here and both have four pairs 

 of ventral prolegs. 



Vin/aHreae and arijentiila have also four pairs and are the British 

 repi'esentatives of what I consider another group. The small group 

 with metallic forewings, whose larviB feed on the seeds of Papilionaceai', 

 probably all have four pairs of ventral prolegs. Unfortunately I had 

 no living larv* of this group, but I possess tw'O blown larva3 of fris- 

 chella from the late Dr. Mason's collection. These show the four pairs 

 very distinctly. The last of the seed-feeders to be mentioned is alhicosta, 

 which is one of these species which seem to stand alone. The larva 

 feeds on the seeds of Ulex euro/iaeus, and probably does not form a case 

 in its earliest stages. It has four pairs of ventral prolegs. There is a 

 a small, but highly interesting, group which may be considered as a 

 bridge between the seed-feeders and the leaf-miners. In their youth 

 they eat the seeds of species of Lahiatae, but after hybernation the larva? 

 mine in leaves of grasses. One species, nrnatipeiuiella, does not in 

 reality make a case till after hibernation, but hides itself in a seed- 

 capsule, another, our li.rdla, may do likewise. Both these species have 

 four pairs of prolegs. (jroniodoma lii)U))iiella, belonging to this family 

 and feeding in the flower-head of Statice, has also four pairs. 



Thus we see that in the few larva? of the seed-feeders which have 

 yet been examined there is no exception, they are all four-paired. 

 Among the leaf-miners alci/onipi'nneUa, w'hich may belong to the above,- 

 mentioned metallic group, also has four pairs. There is a veined group 

 whose larvae mine in the leaves of ('ovijiositac. Tlierinella, aud tr<>(ilody- 

 tella, represent it here, they both have four pairs. The larva of sulita- 

 riella also carries four pairs, and so does that of lineolea. Ottmar 

 Hofmanu was the first writer to apply the theory of descent to the 

 Coleophorids, when, in 1869, he described some of the members of the 

 viiiiinetdla group. All the species of this probably have four pairs of 

 ventrals, riiniiietclla, bicolorello, and orhitella, certainly have. 



Paripennelia, a member of another unicolorous group, also has four 

 pairs. I believe all the species hitherto mentioned also agree in another 

 character, that is that they only form one case during their larval life. 

 We now come to a pair of small unicolorous species, which in neura- 

 tion and other particulars are evident!}' closely allied, one of them, 

 laricella, has four, while the other, jiDicicoldla, possesses only three 

 pairs of ventral prolegs. 



Discordella and alhitarsella, though widely separated species, agree 

 in two particulars, their larvae have but three ventrals and form but 

 one case. The group containing, among others, triiieininello, hadii- 

 pennella, and liinosipennella, consists of very similar species; the three 

 mentioned have only three pairs of ventral prolegs. The first of these 

 species may mal<e but one case, the second forms two, and the third 

 three cases. One species, conijzae, difiers from those with which it is 

 usually placed in that it makes two cases, it has also only three pairs. 

 Grypltipenndla and Kiccifolin are closely allied, the former, I believe, 

 and the latter certainly makes three cases, and both have only thi3e 

 pairs of ventrals. Of another group of closely united specie,-., 



