182 THlt; KNTOMOnO(iISTS KKCOKD. 



pallida, Stdgr. (which has been shown to becospecific with the African 

 benuncas, Obth.,an(l distinct from coiinna, Jj.). and I'arunis theopluaxtuH, 

 found only once by Kagusa. I have ah'eady mentioned that a colony 

 of the eastern Aiithochoiis daiiione exists on both sides of the straits of 

 Messina, and PoirelUa orbifer is another eastern species found in Sicily. 

 One species is peculiar to this subzone, namely Melanatijia ji/iertisa. 

 Kaces, in many species, contrast remarkably with those of the Peninsu- 

 lar zone and, curiously enough, considering the aridity of Sicily, .they 

 usually do so by their larger size, more robust build and gaudy colour- 

 ing. The following are the exceptional ones, being particularly small 

 and frail in Sicily : E. alceae, E. althaeae, L. boeticns, H. aldphron, C. 

 minima, C. nibi, T. hypernniestra, K. cardaniines, P. apollo, P. ida, M. 

 didyma, /'. atalanta. The race nieridionalia, Stdgr., of didyina, Sicily 

 has in common with Greece, and it contrasts with the gigantic pati/co- 

 sa)ia, Trti., of the Calabrian coast, and even with neeraeformis, Vrty., 

 of its mountains. Also P. vineiiKmi/ne approaches the oriental races in 

 features. The large rhainnnfiia race of //. liiinnns, Costa, is proper to 

 Sicily, 'b'. statiliniiK produces the gigantic mstaynoi described from the 

 Campania coast. Several races are perfectly similar to one of the 

 African ones, or transitional to them : /*. icanm, P. machaon, K. jnr- 

 tina, M. aalathea, H. seniele, U. briseis. Finally, some belong to races 

 so generall}' distributed around the Mediterranean, besides northern 

 Africa, that the astonishing thing is tbey should not be produced in 

 Peninsular Italy : R. phlaeas race ae.stiva, Z., C. nibi race fervida, Stdgr., 

 0. paiiijdiihtu race lyllas, Esp. groups of races, /'. aegeria subspecies 

 aeqeria, L., P. paphia race anuryyra, Stdgr., etc. 



VII. Zone of Corsica and Sardinia and Elban subzone of transi- 

 tion : The former is so well known that I need waste no words in 

 recalling the peculiar species and the marked races it produces, which 

 makes it one of the uio«t highly characterised zones, notwithstanding 

 its limited area. It is said, that with tbe Elban Island and other 

 smaller islands near the coast of Tuscany, it consists of remainders of 

 the great Tyrrhenian continent, and that tbe species proper to it are a few 

 examples of its fauna and flora which have survived. In Elba, how- 

 ever, only two of these species still exist: C. corimia a,nd H. neouiiris. 

 The four others [I'. Iwapiton, P.. niiray, A. elisa, and A. ic/inusa) are 

 missing, and so is E. bellezina, which spreads to the N., S., and \V., 

 but which does not exist to the E. in Italy. 7V. belcmia is said by 

 Turati to have been discovered lately in Sardinia, but there still is a 

 doubt about it. The races of Corsica and Sardinia are most striking 

 in a few species, such as P. sau, Pyronia tithontoi, etc., but not in Elba. 

 The very distinct aristaeus of H. seniele, on the contrary, does extend 

 to the latter. Most races are identical with some of those which spread 

 from the Iberic zone to Africa and to Sicily, so that they differ very 

 much from the races of Peninsular Italy, in a way which is rather 

 unexpected, considering it is the nearest continent. Of these those of 

 it', phlaeas and of l>. paphia exist also at Elba; the ones of A. niedun 

 and of K- jurtiiia are in it transitional to the Tuscan races ; the 

 remainder are quite identical with latter. Elba also possesses a few 

 species not found in Corsica and Sardinia, such as /*.'. ansonia, M. 

 athalia, M. didyma, etc. 



VIII. The Balkanic zone produces a large number of species and 

 races, not otherwise found in Europe, so that it is a most distinct one. 



