30 Journal New York Entomological Society, t^'o'- xxv. 



upon the floor or suspended from the roof of well-formed cells, under 

 a thick strip of mossy soil, but owing to the indoor warmth, none of 

 these larvae was in a truly resting state. The abnormal laboratory 

 conditions were probably responsible for the development of pro- 

 thetely in two individuals (see Psyche, XXI, p. 126, 1914). Several 

 pupated indoors, in February and March, but the majority trans- 

 formed during May. Evidently the winter larval cells are not the 

 pupal chambers, for these were largely deserted in the spring, when 

 the insects took some food. On March 31, 191 5, I found a few 

 second-year Photuris larvae hibernating under small stones, in earthen 

 chambers. Situated as they are, from one to several inches below 

 the surface of the ground, they successfully pass through the rig- 

 orous winters of New England. 



A pupating larva rests quietly on its back, with the head quite ex- 

 truded by the developing pupal head; the skin finally splits along the 

 mid-dorsum and the pupa is disclosed. Pupating larvae have a diffuse 

 glow. But one pupa was found in the field, and the moist soil which 

 I had slightly disturbed with my foot revealed this decidedly efful- 

 gent specimen. The pupa has an extended length of 11 mm. and an 

 arcuate length of 9 mm. It is robust and somewhat less arcuate than 

 Photinus pup?e, and has the hind legs free for a considerable distance. 

 The head and appendages are translucent whitish, the abdomen is 

 more opaque and with a slight creamy yellow tinge dorsally. This 

 tinge extends up to and includes the metathorax, the yellow being 

 divided by the line of the dorsal vessel. The insect is nowhere 

 pinkish. The thin free edges of the first abdominal segments are 

 somewhat drawn out laterally and dorsally and bear a loose tuft of 

 brown hair; more such hair occurs at the end of the abdomen and 

 especially along the edges of the prothorax and more sparsely along 

 the posterior border of the abdominal segments. The pupa retains 

 the two steady and strongly luminous points of the larvae on the 

 eighth abdominal segment, and, in addition, the head and the thorax 

 are efifulgent, so that it can be seen in the darkness for a distance of 

 a dozen feet or more. At times the abdomen is faintly luminous, 

 and when near emergence the adult light-organs also function. The 

 pupal period is quite brief. The pupa is rather active, wriggling de- 

 cidedly. The larval lights as well as the diffuse glow of the head and 

 thorax disappear when the adult hatches, or shortly thereafter. I ob- 



