108 Journal New York Entomological Society. t^'°i- ^^v. 



ing from some of our common species, which have 5 nymphal stages, 

 Crosby and Hadley give the duration of the nymphal stages under 

 insectary conditions as follows: 



" First stage 6 to 7 days, 



Second stage 4 to 6 days, 



Third stage 3 to 6 days, 



Fourth stage 12 to 15 days." 



This would give a minimum time of 25 days and an average of 30 

 days. In New Jersey development appears to be even shorter, at 

 least in some cases, and more rapid on those plants exposed to full 

 sunlight than on those in the shade. In one case some insects emerg- 

 ing May 10 reached maturity by May 30. The day's durations for 

 the various nymphal stages were 5, 4, 3, and 7, giving a nymphal 

 period of 20 days, other individuals requiring a longer period. Dur- 

 ing the first three nymphal stages the insects appear to move very 

 little, remaining grouped close together, feeding on the undersides 

 of the leaves. I have observed the insects feeding on the opposite 

 side of the midrib from the cast skins. In the fourth or last nymphal 

 stage there seems to be decidedly more movement. In feeding, it 

 might be noted, the lancets are extended from the sheath of the beak, 

 the latter doubled on itself with the tip helping to guide the lancets. 

 The winter is passed in the egg stage. ''At Ithaca, N. Y., the eggs 

 hatch in late May or early June. . . . They have been observed hatch- 

 ing out of doors on June 6 and had apparently all hatched by June 

 17." At Rochester, N. Y., young nymphs have been observed May 

 25. In New Jersey development begins somewhat earlier. In 191 1 in 

 the vicinity of Newark nymphs began hatching May 10, while in 

 other seasons emergence begins nearer the first of that month and 

 in the southern part of the state undoubtedly in the latter part of 

 April. Near Washington, D. C, Heidemann records finding young 

 nymphs and unhatched eggs April 20. 



The number of broods seems to vary. Usually I believe there are 

 two broods in New Jersey. The nymphs begin emerging early in 

 May and reach maturity early in June and by the middle of that 

 month or shortly after all the insects of this brood have matured. 

 After feeding and copulating oviposition occurs and may continue 

 through June and part of July. Insects of this as well as other species 



