THE MUSEUM. 



171 



confluent spots on the underside, sold, 

 with seventeen other specimens, for 

 £2 2s. A variety of / '<iftfss(> caiu/ui, 

 taken on Hackney Marshes, fetched 

 £.}, \os. A fine variety of the purple- 

 emperor {Apatura iris), with yellow 

 under wings, £7, t^s. Six specimens of 

 Polyoiiinialiis liispar, "from Mr. 

 Henry Doubleday," fetched from ;^2 to 

 /."5 3^. each, according to size and 

 condition, the latter price being for 

 females, the finest males only fetched 

 ^.'4 8j-. Si.\ty-three typical "blues," 

 including a specimen of small copper 

 butterfly ,/'. /AA^tVJj), with the blue 

 spots on the hind wings larger than 

 usual, reached £1 \os. Lyaena acts, 

 £2 for a pair, and £2 los. for three 

 specimens. Among the moths a spec- 

 imen of Sp/iinx pinastri, from the late 

 Mr. F. Bond, went, with nine Chacro- 

 campa elpenor, for £1 \qs. Two Sesia 

 scoliie/ormis, a yellow-banded variety 

 of 5. culiciforuiis, and eleven others, 

 sold for £2 2s. Four 5. sp/iegiformis, 

 labelled "from Tilgate Forest," with 

 six 5. chrysidiforviis, fetched £2 ^s. 

 Varieties of the common garden tiger, 

 Arctia caia. were not specially fine, 

 the highest price being £2 2s. for 

 three. Laelia caenosa sold in pairs, at 

 £\ 7s. 6d. to £2 25. Seven speci- 

 mens of Bombyx trifolii, one being a 

 fine variety bred by the late Mr. Machin, 

 fetched £l \os. A fine series of eight 

 specimens of Lasiocampa ilicifolia, 

 taken at Cannock Chase, £2 55. to X4 

 55. a pair. A fine female Noctua Stib- 

 rosca so\A iox £^ \os., the six other 

 specimens fetching £^, £^ 55. and £^ 

 55. per pair. Cleora viduaria, which 

 has become valuable during the last 

 few years, £\ 155 to ;^3 55. a pair. 

 The thirty-eight drawer mahogany 

 cabinet that contained the collection, 

 sold for nineteen guineas. The total 

 amount realized for the collection of 

 macro-lepidoptera, or butterflies and 

 larger moths, being ^"363. We under- 

 stand that Mr. Machin's still more cel- 

 ebrated collection of British macro- 

 lepidoptera has been purchased as a 

 whole by a well-known London ama- 

 teur naturalist. 



Frogs and Toads. 



Some of the differences between 

 frogs and toads may be summed up as 

 follows: 



Beginning at first principles they 

 both lay their eggs in the water; those 

 •of the frog are, soon after deposit, 

 about the size of a pea, jelly like, and 

 adhering in large masses, while the 

 toad lays a long string in two rows. 



Frogs have smooth skins and are 

 chiefly aquatic, though they come 

 fretiuently to land, and there obtain 

 much of their food. Toads are smooth 

 when young, but soon become cov- 

 ered with warty prominences, which 

 contain a whitish fluid. The two 

 large spots on each side of the head, 

 at the back, discharge most freely. 

 This fluid is not poisonous, nor does if 

 produce warts upon one's hands, as is 

 often reported, but is to the toad a 

 valuable means of defense, as it is 

 particularly disagreeable to most ani- 

 mals who would sieze him with their 

 mouth, either in sport or for food. 



Frogs have teeth, the toad has none. 

 Frogs seem to prefer to get along in 

 the world by jumping, while the toad 

 frequently walks. 



Observing some toads singing, a 

 short time since, they were seen to in- 

 flate their throats remarkably, often 

 to the size of a hickory nut, and in 

 some cases they were not disturbed 

 when we stooped down and tickled 

 the throat with the finger. Here in 

 the east our Bull Frog is Rana cates- 

 biana. the Green Frog Rana clamata, 

 Leopard Frog Rana virescens, Wood 

 Frog Rana sylvatica, Cambridge Frog 

 Rana cantabrigensis. Spotted Frog 

 Rana areolata, Northern Frog Rana 

 septentrionalis, Pickeral Frog Rana 

 palustris. Cricket Frog Acris gryllus, 

 Swamp Tree Frog Chorophilus tris- 

 eriatus, Pickering's Tree Frog Hyla 

 pickeringii, Common Tree Toad Hyla 

 versicolor. The Common Toad is 

 Bufo lentiginosus, the Spade-foot 

 Toad Scapiopus holbrooki. 



