402 



THE ANATOMY ()F TIIK HORSE 



the superior stclliito lijjjameiit. Fnmi tin- inferior surface of the nock there is 

 11 ligament, wliich is ilisposed in the same way inferiorly as the foregoing is 

 Buperiorly, in attaching the ribs to the bodies of tlic vertebras. This is called 

 the inferior stellate ligament. 



The in(''r-artir)tlaf I igamrnt, or ligamentum <e7'e.^, consists of a thin bundle 

 of lon"iludin.d fibres, and arises from the ridge dividing the two articular 



Fio. 40.— SiTERion View ok Costo-Vertebbal Articulatioks. 



A. A. A. cti\ Points wliere the vertebral arches arc 



itinoviil in onler to expose. 

 1. 1. etc. Sujierior common vertebral ligament. 



B. B. eto. Tninsvi-r.-M' iiioccs.scs. 



2. 1. etc. Superior costo • vertebral or stellate 



ligament. 

 S. 3. 3. etc. Surcrior costo-transverse ligament. 



surfaces ou the head of the rib from which it passes to be implanted on the 

 side of the intervertebral substance. 



There are tico distiio't symn-'ml capsules — an anterior and a posterior — set 

 Ijack to back, and separated by the inter-articular ligament. 



The COSTOTRANSVERSE ARTICULATION. — On the superior surface of the 

 tubercle of the rib is a smooth convex articular surface, which is in apposition 

 with a smooth concave surface, situated on the transverse process. 



Two ligaments strengthen this articulation. First, the posterior costo- 

 transverse ligament consists of a short fasciculus of fibres, which passes 

 from the jmsterior surface of the summit of the transverse process, to the 

 rough surface uncovered by cartilage at the posterolateral part of the tuber- 

 cle. Secondly, the anterior transverse costal ligament is formed of a bundle 

 of white, thick, short fibres, which take a course from the anterior surface 

 of the transverse process near its base, to the excavation which is close to 

 the neck of the rib. This ligament is clothed behind by synovial membrane 

 and in fiont by adipose tissue, which separates it from the costovertebral 

 articulation. 



The last two, namely, the 17th and 18th costotransverse articulations, are 

 confounded with the corresponding costo-vertebral joints. 



The ciiondro costal articul.\tio\ may be referred to the subdivision 

 gomj>hosis of the .synarthrodial joints. It is foimed by the implantation of 

 the inferior extremity of the rib into the superior extremity of the cartilage, 



