656 



THE H0R8E 



in all weathers, can afford no such luxury." The same excellent authority 

 tells us that Napoleon's retreat from i\[oscow depended for most of its hard- 

 ships and horrors upon the simple fact that his horses wei'C not shod properly 

 for travelling on snow and ice. Tlie horses could not keep their feet, and 

 were unable to drag the guns and wagons, which had to be abandoned. 

 During the Franco-German war Bourbaki's retreat became a confused rout 

 from a similar cause. 



The anatomy of the foot has been described at page 502 et seq., and 

 it is therefore unnecessary to return to it again. It will, however, be 

 desirable, in describing the proper mode of preparing the foot for the 



Fig. lis.— a Sound Foke-koot rREPAKED Fon tiik Shoe. 



A. The heel of the crust. 



B. The toe cut out to receive the clip. 



C. C. The fiuarters of the crust. 



D. D. The liar.s as they should be left with 



the full frog between them. 



E. E. The angles between the heel and 



bars where corns aiiiiear. 



F. F. The sole. 



G. G. The bulbous heels. 

 H. The cleft. 



shoe, to recapitulate the several parts which the smith has to work upon. 

 These are delineated in Fig. 118, of the proper form and proportions. In 

 effecting this, the old .shoe (excepting of course unshod colts) must first 

 be taken off, to do which the clenches nuist be raised with the tool 

 called the buffer, loosening any nails which may appear tight by driving 

 them back with the punch. Then taking hold of one web of the shoe, 

 raise it from its bed by lifting one side bodily and then the other, taking 

 care not to draw it off completely on one side, or the crust will be broken. 

 Next rasp the whole surface of the crust to a level, which will expose 

 any stubs remaining, and if there arc any they must be taken out. All 

 this is a mere mechanical operation, requiring no thought ; but now comes 



