672 



THE HORSE 



road as long as they are sharp, but in a few days the points wear down and 

 the shoe must be removed. Tn sli.i^ht frosts a few of the nails may be 

 punched out, and "frost nails," with larj;*^ heads, may be driven in their 

 places ; but these are of no use for any distance, as their heads soon wear 

 down. To avoid the necessity for this removal of the shoe at the commence- 

 ment and during the course of every frost, several plans have been invented, 

 but none of them answer the purpose, except that introduced to general 

 notice by Mr. White, in his Farrirnj, sixty years ago. 



Alterations and improvements in the way of frost cogs have been made 



Tig. 131. — Wuite's Pl\n of Rolouino Shoes. 



a. llole drilled in ea( h heel, and tapped to roeeive 

 a sharpened calking or cog, shown full size. 

 h. Heel witli calking screwed in, ready for use. 



c. Calking shown separately. 



d. Side view of concave-seat«Ml fore-sho«, with 



calkings screwed in (leduccd size). 



by Dr. Fleming, l\Ir. Hunting, INIr Rogers and others, but they are all 

 modifications of White's plan 



I have used it for many years, and can speak from experience as to its 

 great utility and extreme simplicity. The plan is as follows : — 



A hole is drilled in each heel, and tapped to receive the screw at the base of 

 a calking (see Fig. 131). This is all that is necessary to be done at the time 

 of shoeing, as the cogs may be made in large numbers, and can be kept at 

 homo till they are wanted, when they may be hxed to the shoe in five 

 minutes on the appearance of a frost, and even if the horses are from home, 

 by merely carrying the necessary tool, wliicli is 8imi)]y a spanner made to 

 tit them (see Fig. 132, e). 1 have always be-n charged Ad. per slioe extra for 

 this punching of the heels and tapi)ing, and finding the taps myself, which 

 it ia better to procure, together with the calkings, from an engineer, the 



