110 UMBELLIFERZA. 
line solutions, and isreprecipitated by acids. 11°5 per cent. of 
gum, sugar, and salts was extracted by water, and 12°5 . 
cent. of albuminous matter by diluted caustic soda. The po 
dered leaves yielded 12:4 per cent. of ash, nearly half of whi 
consists of alkaline sulphates. Lépine’s vellarin was most pr 
bably a mixed substance composed of the odorous fatty bot 
with some resin. “ 
Commerce.—The dried herb is kept by the duggists. Valu 
Rs. 7 to 8 per Surat maund of 37} lbs. It is generally much 
mixed with grass and weeds. 
CONIUM MACULATUM, Linn. © 
Fig.—Bentl. and Trim., t.118. Hemlock (Eng.), Ci 
(Fr.). 
Hab.—Enurope, Northern Asia, The fruit and root. 
Vernacular.—Kirdaména, Kurduména,* Khorasani 
(Ind. Bazars). 
History, Uses, &c.—We have met with no mentio 
Hemlock i in Hindu works on Materia Medica. 
celebrated Athenian state poison, by which Socrates died, | 
the Cicuta of the Romans.+ Moreover, xcéveov is the m 
Greek name for.Hemlock. Ibn Sina identifies the w 
(hemlock) of the Arabs and Persians with the covey of } 
corides. Ibn Baitér and Haji Zein-el-attér (A.D. 1368) : 
identify Showkr4n with the xéveov of the Greeks and Cieuta 
the Romans; the former tells us that it is called Ha’ 
Spain, and the latter writer says that it is known as Du 
the district of Yezd, and that the best is obtained from the 
*Kurduména according to the Burbin, where it e decribed ae oil 
way, mountain caraway, Syrian caraway and Turkish caraway. The 
identify it with Conium —_ ai 
‘t See Theophrastes H. 8; vi, 2) ix., 8. Dioscorides iv, 77 
ll. Pliny 25, 95. Phi, ins 29 E; Xenophon H tise 56. 
erates 
