126 UMBELLIFER 2, 
wll 
oil of turpentine. Anethol is obtainable from fennel in two 
forms, the solid and the liquid; crystals of the former a 
deposited when the oil is subjected to a somewhat low tempe 
fuse between 16 and 20° C., the liquid form of anethol remai 
fluid even at —10°C. By long keeping the crystals slow 
become liguid, and Jose their power of reassuming the crystal 
lineform. (Pharmacographia.) Wernecke found 7°25 per cent. 
of ash in the fruit. 
Commerce.—Fennel is largely cultivated on the table lands 
India. The fruit sells for Rs. 8 to 4 per Surat maund 
874 lbs, The exports from Bombay in 1881-82 were 2,20 
ewts,, valued at Rs. 16,630; only 5 cwts. went to the Uni 
Kingdom, and the rest to Hastern ports. 
PEUCEDANUM GRANDE, @. B. Clarke. 
Hab.—Hills of Western India. The fruit. 
Vernacular.—Duakt (Hind., Bomb.), Baphali (Mar.). 
History, Uses, &c.—The fruit of this plant has bel 
adopted in India as a substitute for the Daucus seeds of t 
ancients, which were obtained from a species of Atham 
growing in Crete. This adoption was probably due to 
early visits of Greek travellers and traders to Thana, an 
the subsequent resort to the same port of the Mahometa 
early in the 14th century. The plant is common on the 
of the Concan, and was probably brought for sale to Thana 
those days, as it stillis at the present time. In Royles 
Materia Medica, Falconer is quoted as describing Dikt as @ 
fruit resembling that of Asafetida, and as ‘probably deriveé 
from some species of Ferula; this is just such a fruit, Dika 
was justly considered by the ancients as carminative, stimulan’ 
and diuretic. Other umbelliferous fruits aro not unfrequi 
substituted for this drug. We haye received those of De 
Ammoniacum from Bengal, and those of an Asafetida 
from Northern India. Haji Zein under the name of , 
