136 UMBELLIFER A. 
due to the volatile oil which they contain, acting locally upon 
the vessels or nervous structures of the kidney, during its 
excretion, F 
Description.—Fruit hat comp 1 from the back, 
ovate er oblong; mericarps with the five primary ridges fil : 
form and bristly, the three middle ones at the back; the two 
lateral on the plane of the commissure; the four secondary 
ridges equal, more prominent, winged, split into a simple ro 
of spines ; channels beneath the secondary ridges vittate. Seed 
anteriorly flattish. (Peretra.) se 
Chemical composition —The chief constituents of carrot 
root are carotin, hydrocarotin, oil, sugar, pectin, nitrogen 
compounds and a little volatile oil. Carotin is a crystallin 
ruby-red, tasteless, neutral substance, said to be proba 
formed by oxidation from hydrocarotin, which is a colourl 
substance. Landsberg describes the essential oil of the frui 
pure yellow, of anagreeable carrot odour and acrid tas 
sp. gr. at 20° C., 0°8829. It is levogyre, free from-sulp 
or nitrogen, and acid in reaction from the presence of aceti 
acid. The two principal constituents are a terpene belonging t 
Wallach’s pinene group, and an oxygenated body (C!*H!® 
standing in near relation to cincol (cucalyptol). 
TRACHYDIUM LEHMANNI, Benth. et Hook 
Fig.—Trans. Tinn. Soc, 2 Ser. Bot., Vol. itt., Pt. L, pl. 11 
Hab.—Persia. ; : 
ss eg: 
supposed to cause a pregnant woman to abort. Haji Zein-el- 
attar says that the plant is called Kirs-giyah “ bear’s wort” i 
Persian, and a kind of it at Shirdéz Badrdén ; he describes | 
foliage as like that of anise or fennel, and says that the f 
is yellow and pubescent. Ibn Sina mentions Shekaékul 
