152 UMBELLIFERM. 
asafcetida, its strong odour and flavour make it especially 
valuable for this purpose, The average value is Rs. 257 
Surat maund of 374 lbs., but as the bales often contain m 
_ of a red clay, the actual price of the clean gum-resin is 1 
higher. 
Commerce.—Hingra arrives in Bombay from Persia 
Afghanistan. The Persian is produced in the provin 
Laristén, and is known to Persian merchants as Anghu 
Lari; it often arrives in a moist condition, but soon hard 
The latter comes from the country about Herat vid Kanda 
and is generally hard and dry. Very fine samples in tears 
not uncommon. The Stony asafcetida described by Pereira 18 
also met with in India; it is simply a mixture of very 
common asafcetida with the white sandy soil of the country 
which the plant grows; it fetches a very low price, and as far 
we can make ont, the mixture is made more for conveni nce ¢ 
carriage than for the purpose of deception. Besides, when th 
juice is unusually fluid, it runs out upon the surrounding gr 
and becomes mixed with the sand. The imports of 
into Bombay are about 2,500 cwts. annually from Pe 
Afghanistan. Value Rs. 10 to 20 per maund of 37% lbs. 
total imports of Asafcstida of all kinds into British India d 
the last five years have been 37,306 cwts., the agg 
exports have only been 2,014 cwts. 
FERULA GALBANIFLUA, Boiss ct Buh 
Fig.— Trans. Linn. Soc. 2d Ser. Bot. Vol. wi., Pt. i., 15,16, 
Hab.—Persia. The gum-resin. Cas 
Vernacular.—Jawashir (Arab., Ind. bazars), Gaoshir, 
had, Biriz (Pers.). ee 
History, Uses, &c.— Besides the plant which is p! 
at the head of this article, Boissier makes another sp 
F. rubricaulis, to grow in Persia, Borszezow, however, 
it as only a variety of F. galbanifilua. He states, 
from personal observation, that its gum-resin, which 
