UMBELLIFERAE. 158 
’ sian galbanum is collected for commercial purposes round 
an. Aitchison says that F’. galbanifua is called in the 
Izhis territory near Herat Badra-kema, and that the fresh plant 
wn odour like celery. The gum-resin which usually exudes 
m cracks at the base of the stem is called by the peasantry - 
Shilm-i-barzad or Barzad-i-gaoshir or jawashir ; it is said to be 
given to parturient women, and to be hung round the house to 
keep evil spirits away at the time of parturition. 
Persian brokers in Bombay state that the galbanum plant is | 
ery abundant between Shiréz and Kirman, and there would 
‘seem to be no reason to doubt that the Indian market is partly 
if 
upplied from that district. 
The old Hindu writers make no mention of galbanum; Ainslie 
nd that the Tamil physicians were unacquainted with it. 
n many Mahometan works the notices of galbanum appear 
o have been copied from Greek writers, the synonymns given” 
ing generally Barzad and Kinoneh, but Haji Zein in the [khti- 
wit, A.D. 1368, describes two kinds of the drng,—one hard 
nd whitish, and the other soft and yellow, Tike honey; the 
r, he says, is called Jékushi at Shiraz. 
The author of the Makhzan-el-Adwiya, speaking of Barzad, 
says it is called Kinneh in Arabic, Khalbani in Greek,* and 
Bireja or Ganda-biroza in Hindi, and is the produce of an 
umbelliferous plant like that which produces Sagapenum ; but, 
e adds, that the drug which he has met with in India under 
ese names is the produce of a tree called Deodar growing 
in the North of India. His experience accords with that 
the present day, the only Ganda-biroza obtainable being 
he turpentine of Pinus longifolia. In India Persian galba-— 
uum is known as Jawishir ; on referring to the Makhbzan we 
ind this word explained as an Arabic corruption of the Per- 
n Gaoshir. The author says, that it isa fetid gum-resin 
1 d describes its collection from an umbelliferous | plant ‘its 
Conf. Dies. repe cece. iii., 88; Theoph.. HS. 
A, 13. 
