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UMBELLIF ERA. 157 
is not mentioned by the Greeks or Romans, Ibn Sina 
k-el-dahab (= xpvdcodAa), because it is used in gilding, His 
oniacum is doubtless Persian, like that of Abu Mansur 
ajik, a Persian physician of the eleventh century, and of 
Anséri of the middle of the fourteenth century. The latter 
okhara the gum-resin bears the name Kandal. According to 
nge and Bienert, the same name, and Kama, are given to 
e plant in Persia. Aitchison, who observed the plant in the 
ari-rud valley, found it to be known to the natives as Ushak 
nd Kandal-kema. He remarks: “ No sooner is. the fruit well 
med and beginning to ripen than the plant is attacked by. 
ne boring insect, which causes the milky Juice to escape. 
his dries into hard blocks, frequently enclosing the fruit.” 
fakhzan~el- -Adwiya says that Ushak is an Arabic corruption 
the Persian Ushnah or Ooshah, and thatthe drug is also 
ed Khalbani, and in Arabic Ushajj, Wushaj, Wushok and 
ersian name. According to the dictionaries, Bal is the Per- 
n for Tarthith. Baghdadi tells us that Tarthith is not the 
ame as ammoniacum. In Bombay the current Persian name 
gas discutient and attenuant; for more particular opinions | 
especting it the reader may commute the Makhzan-el-Adwiya, 
rticle Ushak. Sanskrit writers do not mention it. Besides ~ 
gum-resin, the root of D. Ammoniacum is largely imported | : 
ito Bombay, and is one of the substances used by the Parsees as — 
acense under the name of Boi, a word cognate with Bu, or Bo, 
agrance. It is popularly ee of as a wood. 
