176 tei a 
Government, fearing that the supply might cease, or be obtain- : 
able at a price beyond the reach of the community, recom- 
the Andes for the purpose of collecting seeds and plants. 
Markham, accompanied by Mr. Weir, a practical, garden 
in the forests of Bolivia and Southern Peru. Mr. 
was to explore the Grey bark region of Huanuco and Huma- 
lies in Central Peru, and Messrs. Spruce and R. Cross were to 
collect the seeds of the Red bark trees in the mountams 
of Ecuador. Mr. Markham succeeded in collecting several 
hundred plants of Calisaya, but these were lost owing to-the 
treatment they received en route to India. The other coll 
tors were successful in their undertakings, not however 
-out some hardships and disappointments, and the first seed 
the Grey barks arrived in India in — 1861, and 
of the Red barks a few months later. . Cross was Ss 
quently commissioned to procure seeds - the C. officinalis 
the forests near Loxa, and this commission he executed with 
much success that the seeds were brought to India in 1862 
The seeds and young plants on their arrival were commit 
to the care of Mr. W. G. Mclyor, Superintendent of t 
Botanic Gardens, Ootacamund, and it was to his patience a 
skill that the cultivation of Cinchona in India became 
accomplished fact. Cinchona cultivation was introduced abou 
the same time in the Bengal Presidency under the directi 
of Dr, T. Anderson. The first seeds sent to the Sikkim 
Plantations were from Kew; these were soon followed by plants 
of Pahudiana, Calisaya Be Lancifolia from Java, and 80 
Succirubras fcom Ootacamund. The Cinchona was introd! 
in Ceylon in 1861 by Dr. Thwaites, and was subseqt 
taken up with much vigour by the planters of that is 
Plantations were opened up afterwards in in Wynaad, M 
Coorg, Travancore and Tinnevelly entirely as Private 5 
