RUBIACEA. 183 
such an extent as to consume all the bark likely to be 
oduced on these plantations in the future. 
Besides those of Government, there are several private 
tes on the Nilgiris, among which might be mentioned 
ssington, Devashola, Liddellsdale, and other estates at 
Coonoor and Kotagiri. Ciuchona is largely planted in Wynaad, 
where an estimate of 5,000,000 plants has been reported. 
The species mostly cultivated are Cinchona Ledgeriana and 
. succirubra, and a hybrid between these two kinds, which 
stricts about Devakolam, but the small remuneration accru- 
g to the planter has caused cinchona to be neglected, and 
, 48 a more promising plant, is being reared in its stead. 
The Darjeeling plantations of the Bengal Government are 
tuated some 17 miles from the station of that name in the 
ritish Sikkim. They were commenced in the year 1862 at 
ungbee, and the head-quarter buildings and factories are at 
Mongpoo. Some land has been opened out at Runjung in 
The Sikkim plantations are at an elevation of from 
400 to 5,000 feet, and occupy a tract of about 20,000 acres, 
y a part of which is cultivated. The Ledger cinchonas are 
here reared to a very large extent. Succirubra and its hybrid 
also grow well, and the Morada and Verde types of Calisaya have 
within the past few years been put out with very encouraging 
r sults. Ledgers thrive best at this latitude between 2,000 
to 3,500 feet, while the Moradas and Verdes prefer a some- 
_ what lower elevation. It has been noticed that Ledgers likea 
sunny aspect and Succirubras a northerly or shaded one. The 
plantations never reach an old age, for when the trees are 6 
or 8 years old, they are cut down and uprooted, and the whole 
the bark is scraped off. The plot of land is then left for 
