188 LUBIACEZ. 
brown brittle mass softening below 100° and alkaline in 
reaction. 
Quinamine, an unimportant alkaloid, was discovered in 1872 
by Hesse in Succirubra bark cultivated at Darjeeling. Other 
Cinchona bases have been found and described, but as they do 
not occur in Indian grown barks, they need only be mentioned 
by name. Paricine in Buena hexandra; Aricine and Cusconmne 
in false Cinchona of undetermined origin. Pitoyine in China 
bicolorata Tecamez ; Paytine in white bark; and Homogquinine 
discovered by D. Howard and others in Cuprea bark from 
Remijia species in 1882, . 
_ The above bases are combined with Kinic and Cincho-tannic 
acids. Kinic acid, C’H?208, occurs in monoclinic prisms solu- 
ble in water and alcohol, but hardly in ether. The solutions 
are levorotatory. By heating it with peroxide of manganese 
and sulphuric acid, yellow crystals of quinone (C®H*0”) are 
produced. 
Cincho-tannic acid, the: astringent principle of the Cin- 
chouas, is soluble in water and spirit, and is precipitated by 
acids, acetate of lead and gelatine. It strikes a green colour 
with ferric chloride, and affords pyrocatechin by destructive dis- 
tillation. Its solution in the presence of an alkali, or by boiling 
with dilute sulphuric acid, decomposes into an oxidized pro- 
duct, Cinehona-red, and asugar, Cinchona-red occurs naturally 
in red bark as an amorphous substance soluble in alkaline 
solutions and alcohol, but neither in water nor in ether. j 
Quinovic acid crystallizes in scales, which are sparingly soluble 
in cold alcohol, more readily in -hot alcohol, but insoluble in 
water, ether, or chloroform. 
Quinovin, an amorphous bitter substance present in nearly 
every part of the plant, is resolvable into quinovic acid and 
mannitan. It is removed from the bark by diluted soda, from 
which it is precipitated with cinchona-red by an acid, from this, 
hi inovin and quinovie acid, which _ 
are again precipitated by an acid, and separated by chloroform, 
in which the former is very soluble, — ; ee 
