RUBIACEA. T89 
The wax-like principle of barks has been designated by Ker- 
einchocerotin. Hesse has found two substances of this 
ure; cupreol, C?°H5* O, melting at 140°C, and cinchol melt- 
ig at 139°; they both crystallize in laminz, but differ in 
ptical properties, 
Cultivated barks yield over 3 per cent. of mineral matter; the 
average of three hundred estimations was 3°42 per cent. Re- 
newed and old natural barks are poor in ash, but scarcely, if 
ever, fall below 2 per cent., while young and branch barks give 
4 per cent. or more. Crown bark is richer in ash than that of the 
red, and the red than that of the yellow. From a complete ana- 
_ lysis of the ash of Officinalis bark, it appears that lime forms 
_ one-third and potash one-sixth of the whole, and in that of 
Succirubra bark, lime forms one-third and potash one-eighth of 
the whole. A full grown Succirubra tree has been analysed 
and found to contain nearly half a pound of pure lime (CaQ). 
Hfects of Cultivation on the Alkaloids.—The alkaloids first 
killed by frost, the alkaloids revert to an amorphous condition, 
and gradually disappear. 
Trees of the same species and height, and growing under 
exactly similar conditions of aspect and soil, are not neces- 
sarily of the same alkaloidal value. They vary in amount of 
total alkaloids, but the proportion of quinine in the total 
alkaloids remains fairly constant for each species. This pro- 
Portion averages 70 to 80 per cent. in Ledgers, 60 to 70 per cent. 
in Officinalis, and 20 per cent. in Succirubras. Hybridization 
very large extent taking up a mean between those of the 
‘Parents, Several analysis of the Officinalis hybrid show that — 
ynaad, forming characteristic hybrids, with their alkaloids to _ . 
