298  RUBIACEA. 
M. citrifolia, but the fruit is smaller, and the leaves are — 
pubescent and in one variety quite tomentose. Some botanists 
consider it to be the wild form of M. citrifolia. Morinda tO 
has a reddish-brown nearly smooth bark, which has a nauseous 
slightly bitter flavour; the woody portion is hard and of an 
orange-yellow or reddish-yellow colour. The odour of the 
freshly dug root is acrid and disagreeable. 
Chemical composition.—Anderson has obtained from the root- 
bark of M. citrifolia by exhausting it with alcohol a crystallin 
principle, Morindin, C?8H5°Q'5, to the presence of whicht 
dyeing properties of the plant are due ; after repeated crystalli- 
zations from dilute alcohol morindin forms slender ye 
needles of a satiny lustre, soluble in boiling water, which 
- cooling deposits it in gelatinous flakes. Alkalies form 
morindin orange-red solutions. Heated in a clo 
morindin melts, boils, and emits orange vapours, whic! 
- condensation form long orange-yellow needles of Mo 
(C1 511095), Rochleder (Jahresb. f. 1851, p. 548,) con 
morindin to be identical with the raberithric acid which he I 
extracted from madder, and morindon to be identical wi 
alizarin, but morindin differs from ruberithric acid in 
insoluble in ether and in its behaviour with alkalies 
ruberithric acid it isa glucoside. (Wurtz, Dict. de Chim., t 
p- 454 5 Edin. Phil. Trans., «vi., p. 484.) Two papers ‘ 
the Chemical Society for 1887 and 1888 by Prof. T. E. Thorp 
_ Commerce.—One sumai (bundle) of 450 seers or 270 Ibs. 
worth Rs. 15. ‘The main root is 12 annas per maund, the s 
roots are more valuable and sell at Re. 1 to Re, 1-8 per mau 
PAEDERIA FQETIDA, Linn. 
Fig.— — Griff. Te. Pl. As., t. 479; f.3; Girt. f. Fruct. 
t. 195. 
Hab.—Central and Eastern Himalaya, Bengal, W. Peni 
sula. The plant 
e Vernacular, —Gandhali (Hind. a Gandhabhéduli ae 
— Hiranyel (Mar.), Gandhana . ), Paedebiri (Pahériya 
