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STYRACEA. 373 
reumatic products. The resin when repeatedly subjected to 
sublimation affords as much as 14 per cent. of benzoic acid. 
Kolbe and Lautemann in 1869 discovered in Siam and Pen- 
nang benzoin together with benzoic acid, an acid of different 
constitution, which in 186] they recognised as Cinnamic Acid, 
C°H°O?. Aschoff (1861) found in a sample of Sumatra ben- 
zoin, cinnamic acid only, of which he got 11 per cent. ; and in 
amygdaloid Siam and Penang benzoin only benzoic acid. In 
some samples of the latter, one of us (F.) has likewise met with 
cinnamic acid. (Op cit., 2nd Ed., p. 407.) 
Commerce.—The imports of Benzoin into Bombay in the year 
1871-72 were 5,975 cwts., and the exports 1,043 cwts.; no 
later statistics are available, but there is probably little differ- 
ence in the quantity imported. Average value in Bombay, 
first quality, Rs. 80 to Rs. 85 per maund of $74 Ibs. An arti- 
ficial benzoin is manufactured in the bazar, in which pieces of 
silicate of magnesia are embedded in common American resin. 
It is largely retailed to the poor, who purchase small quantities 
for Eéeligious uses, . 
SYMPLOCOS RACEMOSA, Road. 
‘Hab.—North-East India, Burma. The bark. 
Vernacular—Lodh, Tilak (Hind.), Lodh (Beng.), Lodhra 
(Mar.), Lodhar (Guz.), Jalariyaméd (Can.). 
History, Uses, &c.—This tree, in Sanskrit Lodhra or 
Rodhra, Srimata, “propitious,” and Tilaka, “ because itis used 
in making the Tilaka mark on the forehead,” is described in 
the Nighantas as hot, alterative, and useful in phlegmatic 
_ diseases and leprosy. In the Bhavaprakdsa it is said to be 
Seeent, stomachic, refrigerent, astringent, expectorant and 
tic, and to be useful in eye diseases, liver, fevers, dy- 
ihedy and dropsy. A decoction of the bark is used as a ~ 
__ gargle when the gums are spongy and bleeding. (Susruta.) It 
: _— into the composition of various pastes which are re epplied 
