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392 APOCYNACEZ. 
The seeds: Karwa-indarjau (Hind.), Tita-indarjau (Beng.), 
Kulappalai-virai (Tam.), Amkudu-vittulu (Tel.), Kadu-indar- 
jau (Mar.), Kadvo indarjau (Guz.), Kodu-murakan-bija (Can.). 
History, Uses, &c.—The Sanskrit names for this use- 
fal tree are very numerous, the best known are Kutaja and 
Kalinga, amongst others we may mention Girimallika, Vatsaka 
“cow tree,”’ Sakra sakhin ‘ Indra’s tree,’”’ and Sakrdsana “ In- 
dra’s food.” The tree is fabled to have sprung from the drops 
of amrita which fell on the ground from the bodies of Rama’s 
monkeys, which were restored to life by Indra. The seeds are 
called in Sanskrit Indrayava, Bhadrayava, Vatsakavija, or 
Sakravija, ‘ Indra’s seed.” The bark is one of the most impor- 
tant articles in the Hindu Materia Medica, and is described in 
the Nighantés as bitter, astringent, cold and digestive; a 
remedy for piles, dysentery, bile, leprosy and phlegmatic hu- 
mours. Susruta says it is expectorant, an antidote to poisons, 
cures dysuria, urinary and skin diseases, checks nausea and 
vomiting, removes pruritus, improves the condition of bad 
ulcers, relieves pains of the stomach, and checks the derange- 
ment of the three humours, w1z., phlegm, air and bile. The 
seeds are considered to be astringent, febrifuge and anthel- 
mintic. Both bark and seeds are usually combined by Hindu 
physicians with a number of other medicines which are prin- 
cipally astringents, bitters and aromatics. As examples of such 
preparations we may mention the Kutajaleha or confection, 
and the Pathddya churna. or compound powder of Chakra-- 
datta. In the Pradarani lauha the drug is combined with 
iron, but perhaps the most popular preparation is the Kutajé- 
rishta or Kutaja wine of Sarangadhara, which is made in the 
following manner :—Take of fresh root bark, 124 seers, raisins, 
64 seers, flowers of Bassia latifolia and bark of Gmelina 
arborea of each 80 tolas; boil them together in 256 seers of 
water, till reduced to 64 seers, and strain. Then add flowers — 
of Woodfordia floribunda 2} seers ; treacle 12} seers, and let 
the mixture ferment for a month in a cool place (it is usually 
buried under the ground). Draw off and bottle: This prepa 
__- ration has an agreeable flavour, is not bitter, and is an- excellent 
