630 SOLANACEH. 
hypnotics, and especially opiates, are inadmissible. In such 
cases small doses (,!, gr.) suffice, but in chronic mania large 
doses (} grain, or even 1 grain) are necessary, and are very 
useful in cutting short exhibitions of temper and excitement of 
a violent and destructive character. . It would appear to be 
particularly useful in delusional insanity ; the illusions which it 
conjures up overlie and gradually obliterate those which belong 
to the disease. In chronic dementia, associated with des- 
tructive tendencies, bad habits, and sleeplessness, the patients 
are much improved by a course of small doses of the drug. 
(Stillé and Maisch.) Of late years the hydrochlorate of hyoscine 
has been recommended as calmant in maniacal excitement in 
doses of one-half to one milligram. It is claimed for it that 
there are no injurious after-effects, and that it isa good hypnotic, 
bui at the same time its depressing influence on the system is 
admitted,and it appears to have been of no use in a considerable 
proportion of the cases in which it was tried. Therecan be no 
doubt that much of the discrepancy which is observable in the 
records of the medicinal effects of hyoscyamine, is due to the 
use of impure or inert samples of the alkaloid. 
Description.—The bazar seed is reniform, laterally com- 
pressed, equal in size to that of H. niger, of a greyish-brown 
colour. The testa is finely reticulated. The albumen is oily. 
The embryo curved like the figure 9, the tail of the 9 being 
represented by the radicle. The taste is oily, bitter and acrid. 
: Mveroscopie structure.—The outer envelope of the seed is 
composed of a row of large cells, the outer walls of which are 
thin but the lateral and interior very much thickened. The 
second layer is made up of very small cells tangentially 
tended and closely applied to one another. The cells of the 
bumen are BXeetel, and contain granular matter and oil 
josttio Eaten contains Hyoscyamine, 
Asomer aoe atropine. It occurs both in the 
f the Miftorent, ‘Species of Hyoscyamus, 
