634 SOLANACEM, 
we must refer the reader to Arber’s reprint of King James’ 
famous ‘‘ Counterblaste to Tobacco.” 
From George Sandys’ travels in 1610 we learn that tobacco 
smoking was becoming common among the Turks at that 
date, and that it had been introduced into the — by the 
English merchants. 
Like coffee drinking, the use of tobacco met with much op- 
position at first, and even at the present day is visited with the 
severest penalties by the Wahabis. Sandys remarks that 
tobacco from England would prove a principal commodity in 
Turkey were it not for the severity of Morat Bassa (Murad 
Pasha), who commanded a pipe to be thrust through the nose 
of a Turk who was caught smoking, and that he should be led 
in derision through the city. The Mahometan law doctors in 
Arabia and Turkey universally condemned its use, in Persia* 
and the East they appear to have been less severe. In the 
former country “to filla pipe forany one” is a vulgar expression 
for doing a mrs Mulla Fauki says :— 
58 WB pr Silos; she wi 
58S eye 31 AS REI CoS ly 1 40S 
A Sofi praises tobacco’in the following terms :— 
BESS 5, VAT y BUI Gg! or, ab SA SU te wl 
“Who drink tobacco; breathe Allah first, then God.” 
The liberal policy of Akbar probably prevented any perse- 
cutionin India; in China its use was prohibited by the emperors 
both of the Ming and Tsing dynasties. In Russia up to the time 
Peter the Great snuff-takin g was forbidden under the 
nalty of having the nose cut off. 
