636 SOLANACEZ. 
equal proportions, but the wealthier classes add other ingre- 
dients to. it.* 
' Guraku has the appearance of an extract; when used it 
is broken into fragments which are packed.in the chilam and 
covered with a layer of live coals of wood, or rice balls specially 
prepared for the purpose. In Western India cigarettes rolled 
in the leaves of Bauhinia racemosa or Diospyros Tupru are 
much used. Many among the labouring. classes chew Tobacco 
along with their betel leaves and areca nut. Sunff-taking also 
is very common in some parts of India, 
Physiological effects.—Tobacco acts as a poison upon most 
insects, but is fed upon with impunity by weevils. In frogs, 
nicotine, after a period of temporary excitement, causes a 
tetanic condition ; sometimes accompanied by convulsions, and 
followed. by muscular ralaxation. Herbivorous animals are 
not affected by moderate doses injected into the stomach, but 
large doses reduce the frequency of the pulsations of the heart, 
and may prove fatal to them. The carnivora are affected by 
it in the same wayasman. When its fumes are thrown into the 
lungs of animals, or when its decoction is applied to their skin 
its poisonous operation is speedily developed. Tobacco first 
_* Apples and Sumbul, the root of Nardostachys Jatamansi, according to 
the author of the Makhzan, who resided for many years at Murshidabad. 
Dr. K. L. Dey “On the Use of Narcotics and Stimulants and their Effect upon 
the Human Constitution,’ Caleutta, 1868, gives the following as the compo- 
sition of the two kinds of Guraku commonly used in Bengal :—Ist quality, 
_ Mildor Bhalsah—Tobacco leaf powder 72 parts, Powdered scents 16, 
_ Treacle 88, Ripe Champa plantains 16, Ripe Jack fruit juice 2, Ripe Pineapple 
- juice 1 part. The ingredients to be thoroughly mixed, and the mixture to 
be allowed to ferment for 6 months. : 
oe ae quality, Strong or Mitla Kurrah—Tobacco leaf powder 12 parts, 
‘Tobacco leaf rib powder 6, Powdered scents 2, Treacle 22, Slaked lime 1 
The ingredients 
a 5, Bdellium 1, cloves 1, Patchouli 5, 
Alkekengi 5, Storax 5, Tobacco powder 
ae 49. The. ingredients to be 
