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or less brown, in the former case being dull, so that the markings upon it 

 are much less distinctly perceptible than in other specimens. As regards the 

 extent of the white on the upperside, also, there is great variety amongst them, 

 especially in the 9. Both species are only to be properly distinguished by the 

 plan in which the vertical white lines on the underside of the primaries are 

 arranged, and where this is not clearly noted, — as is the case in the older 

 writers, — the species described by them cannot well be recognised. 



Even Bingham, in this respect, is very ambiguous, especially in his illustrations. 



L. Pavana Horsf. and L. Atratus Horsf. differ in this respect in the 

 same way as L. Celeno Cram, and L. Elpis Gdt. ; particularly as regards the 

 lines placed most inwards, in which the same individual variations occur as in 

 L. Celeno Cram, which may give size to confusion. In L. Pavana Horsf. 

 most inwards, there are two short vertical lines beside one another, under which 

 is a somewhat longer one, while frequently one or other of these upper lines is 

 more or less merged in the lower line. More towards the outer margin these 

 are followed by another long line, and then a short, somewhat curved one. 

 In L. Atratus Horsf. two such longish lines beside one another are placed 

 most inwards and are followed, towards the outer margin, by two short lines, 

 beneath which is a rather longer one while, again, now the one and then the 

 other of the upperllnes merges more or less into the line beneath It. 



Whether Felder's L. Macrophtalma Is the same as L. Pavana Horsf. 

 cannot be ascertained, owing to the indistinctness of both his description and 

 his illustration ; it is certain that I have never seen such a butterfly from Java, 

 which showed the large eye-spot on the wing after which Felder has named his 

 species and which appears very distinctly In his drawing. 



For the same reason, Snellen does not venture to express himself defi- 

 nitely about the L. Beroe of Feeder and of Distant. 



I feel obliged, however to include in L. Pavana Horsf. the species described 

 by Snellen as Subperusia, although he himself points out that It resembles 

 Pavana more than Perusia. Upon a close study of my specimens which 

 Snellen thus determined, I was unable to distinguish them from Pavana. All 

 the distinguishing characteristics given by Snellen are also found In specimens 

 of Pavana, but this is not always the case in every particular; as already 

 said, there is great individual variety in this respect. Some c? are dark blue, 

 others brown, the primaries of the d" are sometimes pointed, but not always, 

 sometimes they are more rounded. This last Is the most important difference 

 that Snellen points out between Pavana and Subperusia, but I take it only 

 as an individual variation ; especially as it is a quite Independent feature ; 

 for Instance, the greater blueness of the colour by no means, as Snellen 



