I I 2 



and most of all from the illustration, of these specimens living in the north of 

 Australia, given in "A Guide to the Study 0/ Austra/iati Butterflies". The life 

 and development of this species, as we have said in the Introduction, have been 

 very minutely observed in Queensland (Australia) by Mr. F. P. Dodd. Bingham 

 gives these observations and also some others made in British India, very 

 completely. According to these the butterfly lays its eggs on a tree where 

 there are a number of nests of the ant Occophylla Smaragdina F. also occur- 

 ing in Java, and the larva presumably feeds on the grubs of the ant. Another 

 observer is said to have found the larva on the gempol (Sarcocephalus Cor- 

 DATUS Mig.), and thought that it fed upon the leaves of this tree. The larva 

 pupates without shedding the larvin skin, but under it, so that " the larvin 

 skin becomes the outer pupal shell," a circumstance which I have observed in 

 another larva in Java. The symbiosis with the above mentioned ant seems to 

 be by no means of a friendly nature, which, if the larva feeds upon the ant 

 grubs, is certainly not surprising; but larva, pupa and even the imago in its 

 first development seem to be protected from attack from the ants by scales 

 and sticky threads. The last mentioned observer thinks that the Liphyra 

 Brassolis Westw. also belongs to the twilight butterflies. 



